‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

University of Medical Sciences and Technology

Faculty of Medicine
Department of Community Medicine
Tutorial No. (3)

Probability and Sampling

Omina Salih
MBBS
1- raise your hand if you want to participate.
2- disturbing side talks are not allowed.
3- Avoid interrupting each other.
4- Respect each other’s point of view.
5- feel free to ask questions at any time.
Learning objectives:
By the end of this tutorial the student should be
able to:
• Apply basic rules and laws of probability.
• Describe different sampling techniques.
• Choose the suitable technique for different
settings.
• Select the best answer:
1- Out of 100 blood donors, here is the distribution of
different blood types.
-donors are RH 16 +donors are RH 84

-are O 7 +are O 38

-are A 6 +are A 34

-are B 2 +are B 9

-is AB 1 +are AB 3

What is the probability that a random donor will have blood

type AB?
• Select the best answer:
1- Out of 100 blood donors, here is the distribution of
different blood types.
-donors are RH 16 +donors are RH 84

-are O 7 +are O 38

-are A 6 +are A 34

-are B 2 +are B 9

-is AB 1 +are AB 3

What is the probability that a random donor will have

blood type AB? 4/100 = .04
2- After a particular surgery, patients can have up to 3
major adverse events. The following table gives the
probability distribution for the number of adverse events.
3 2 1 0 X (# of adverse
events)
02. 05. 13. 8. P(x)

a. What is the probability that a patient has at least 2 major

?adverse events
P(2 or 3) = p(2) + p (3)= .05+ .02 = .07
b. What is the expected value for the number of major
adverse events? In other words, on average how many
?major adverse effects occur
29. = )02. *3( + )05.*2( + )13.*1( + )8.*0( =
3- Chance of passing a Genetic disease “y” trait by
the affected parents to children is 0.16. They plan
to have two children. Probability of both the
children having “y” trait is:
A. Zero
B. 0.16
C. 0.32
D. 0.0256
3- Chance of passing a Genetic disease “y” trait by
the affected parents to children is 0.16. They plan
to have two children. Probability of both the
children having “y” trait is:
A. Zero
B. 0.16
C. 0.32
D. 0.0256

P(1st )= .16 P(2nd ) = .16

P (1st and 2nd ) = p (1st ) * p(2nd )= .16*.16 = 0.0256
4- For Mrs Rekha, probability of having a baby of
BW < 2500 gms is 0.50 and of having a BW
2500-2999 gms is 0.20. So the probability for
Mrs. Rekha to have a baby of BW < 3 kg is:
A. 0.30
B. 0.70
C. 0.10
D. 1.0
4- For Mrs Rekha, probability of having a baby of
BW < 2500 gms is 0.50 and of having a BW
2500-2999 gms is 0.20. So the probability for
Mrs. Rekha to have a baby of BW < 3 kg is:
A. 0.30
B. 0.70
C. 0.10
D. 1.0
P (BW < 2500 gms or BW 2500-2999 gms )
= p(BW < 2500 gms ) + (BW 2500-2999 gms)
= .50 + .20 = .70
5- The events A and B are mutually exclusive, so:

A. Prob (A or B) = Prob (A) + Prob (B)

B. Prob (A and B) = Prob (A) X Prob (B)
C. Prob (A) = Prob (B)
D. Prob (A) + Prob (B) = 1
5- The events A and B are mutually exclusive, so:

A. Prob (A or B) = Prob (A) + Prob (B)

B. Prob (A and B) = Prob (A) X Prob (B)
C. Prob (A) = Prob (B)
D. Prob (A) + Prob (B) = 1

Mutually exclusive if:

Prob (A and B) = 0
: P(B)=.75; P(A)=.20; P(A&B)=.10 -6
A. A and B are independent.
B. A and B are dependent.
C. Can't determine from the information given.
: P(B)=.75; P(A)=.20; P(A&B)=.10 -6
A. A and B are independent.
B. A and B are dependent.
C. Can't determine from the information given.

If A and B are independent

p(A and B)= p (A) * p (B) = .15
A and B are:
Mutually exclusive if: P(A&B)=0

Independent if: P (A &B)= p (A)* p(B)

And P (A/B) =P (A) P(B/A)=P(B)
9- Any measure of population is called:

A. Statistic
B. Parameter
C. Error
D. Average.
9- Any measure of population is called:

A. Statistic
B. Parameter
C. Error
D. Average.
10- The difference between the a statistic and the
parameter is called:

A. Error
B. Random error
C. Bias
D. Sampling error.
10- The difference between the a statistic and the
parameter is called:

A. Error
B. Random error
C. Bias
D. Sampling error.
11- The best sampling technique to us in a small
homogenous group is:

A. Simple random sampling

B. Stratified random sampling
C. Systematic random sampling
D. B and c
E. All of the above.
11- The best sampling technique to us in a small
homogenous group is:

A. Simple random sampling

B. Stratified random sampling
C. Systematic random sampling
D. B and c
E. All of the above.
12- The best sampling technique to us in a large
non- homogenous group:

A. Simple random sampling

B. Stratified random sampling
C. Systematic random sampling
D. Convenient sampling.
E. B and C.
12- The best sampling technique to us in a large
non- homogenous group:

A. Simple random sampling

B. Stratified random sampling
C. Systematic random sampling
D. Convenient sampling.
E. B and C.
13-A student conducting a study assessing anxiety
among the second year medical students, he came
to their lecture hall after a lecture and gave each
student a number, then used a random number
generator to get his sample. This considers a:

A. Simple random sampling

B. Stratified random sampling
C. Systematic random sampling
D. Convenient sampling.
13-A student conducting a study assessing anxiety
among the second year medical students, he came
to their lecture hall after a lecture and gave each
student a number, then used a random number
generator to get his sample. This considers a:

A. Simple random sampling

B. Stratified random sampling
C. Systematic random sampling
D. Convenient sampling.
14- In a study schools are sampled, then classrooms
and finally students. This type of sampling is
known as:

A. Simple random sampling.

B. Cluster random sampling.
C. Systematic random sampling.
D. Stratified random sampling.
E. Multistage random sampling.
14- In a study schools are sampled, then classrooms
and finally students. This type of sampling is
known as:

A. Simple random sampling.

B. Cluster random sampling.
C. Systematic random sampling.
D. Stratified random sampling.
E. Multistage random sampling.
15- In a systematic random sampling, the sample
size is 400 students with a target population of
10000 students. The sampling interval is:
A. 50
B. 40
C. 35
D. 25
E. None of the above
15- In a systematic random sampling, the sample
size is 400 students with a target population of
10000 students. The sampling interval is:
A. 50
B. 40
C. 35
D. 25
E. None of the above
B- A fifth year medical student wants to conduct a study to
assess the knowledge about monkey pox among the
UMST medical students. Which sampling technique
should be used? mention the steps.

Stratified sampling
1- List of the students in each batch.
2- Number of participants from each batch is proportionate
to the size of the batch.
3- Select students form each batch by simple random
sampling or systematic sampling.