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  • Earth's Water Distribution: 97% Oceans, 3% Fresh

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    Netko
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    Earth's surface is comprised of 71% water, with 97% of water located in oceans. The five oceans are the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic. The ocean covers most of Earth's surface and has an average depth of over 4km, with the deepest point being the Mariana Trench at 11km deep. Other bodies of water like seas are divisions of oceans partially enclosed by land, while straits are narrow passages connecting two bodies of water. Characteristics of oceans and seas include salinity, temperature, transparency, and color which can vary depending on location and depth.

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    W1 Water on Earth

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    Earth's surface is comprised of 71% water, with 97% of water located in oceans. The five oceans are the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic. The ocean covers most of Earth's surface and has an average depth of over 4km, with the deepest point being the Mariana Trench at 11km deep. Other bodies of water like seas are divisions of oceans partially enclosed by land, while straits are narrow passages connecting two bodies of water. Characteristics of oceans and seas include salinity, temperature, transparency, and color which can vary depending on location and depth.

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    14 views28 pages

    Earth's Water Distribution: 97% Oceans, 3% Fresh

    Uploaded by

    Netko
    Earth's surface is comprised of 71% water, with 97% of water located in oceans. The five oceans are the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic. The ocean covers most of Earth's surface and has an average depth of over 4km, with the deepest point being the Mariana Trench at 11km deep. Other bodies of water like seas are divisions of oceans partially enclosed by land, while straits are narrow passages connecting two bodies of water. Characteristics of oceans and seas include salinity, temperature, transparency, and color which can vary depending on location and depth.

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    of 28

    Water on Earth

    Blue Planet
    Earth’s Surface
    • 29% land and 71% water
    Distribution of Water on Earth

    • 97% Oceans
    • 3% Fresh water =
    1% Liquid + 2% Ice
    The Ocean
    • a huge body of saltwater
    that covers about 71
    percent of the Earth’s
    surface

    • hrv. svjetsko more -


    zajednički naziv za sve
    oceane i mora
    5 Oceans

    1. Pacific
    2. Atlantic
    3. Indian
    4. Arctic
    5. Southern
    Oceanic Lithosphere is very young

    • the oldest around 300 mil y.


    • continental is much older
    (billion y.o.)
    1. Pacific Ocean
    • by far the world's largest
    ocean
    • 28% of Earth’s surface
    • 48% of Earth’s oceans
    • equal in size to nearly all of
    the land area on the Earth
    • the deepest
    • average depth > 4 km
    • Mariana Trench 11 km
    2. Atlantic Ocean
    3. Indian Ocean
    • the warmest
    • mostly tropical
    4. Arctic Ocean
    • Sjeverno ledeno more
    5. Southern Ocean
    • south of 60⁰S
    Sea
    • a division of an ocean,
    partially enclosed by islands
    or peninsulas
    • Mediterranean Sea
    • part of Atlantic
    • almost completely
    enclosed by land
    Sargasso Sea and
    North Sea
    Strait
    • a narrow passage of water
    connecting two seas
    • Bosporus & Dardanelles
    • Gibraltar
    • Bering
    • Malacca
    • Bab el Mandeb
    • Hormuz
    Channel
    • a wide strait or narrow sea
    between two close
    landmasses
    • English Channel (34 km)
    Canals - artificial waterways
    Salinity
    • the saltiness or amount of
    salt dissolved in a body of
    water
    • g of salt/kg of seawater
    • average 35‰ = 35 grams in
    1kg (1l) of seawater
    • warm enclosed seas more
    salty
    SEA = SALT + WATER

    Saltworks (hrv. solane) and


    Desalination Plants
    Seawater surface temperatures
    • vary with latitude
    • in polar circle below
    0⁰C
    • freezing point -2⁰C
    Temperatures decrease with increasing depth

    • no seasonal changes at the


    greater depths (2⁰C)
    • Thermocline - transition
    layer between warmer mixed
    water at the surface and
    cooler deep water below
    Seawater transparency

    • how deep the sunlight can


    penetrate in the water
    • depends on many factors
    • sediment from erosion
    • phytoplankton,
    microscopic algae
    • pollution
    Adriatic Sea transparency up to 56m
    Sargasso Sea 66m (world max)
    The color of the sea
    • water better absorbs light
    that arrives in longer
    wavelengths (reds, oranges,
    yellows and greens) → blue is
    dispersed
    • color depends on depth,
    pollution, sea life, sea bottom
    etc.
    Bangladesh coastline showing the
    discharge of sediments from the
    mouths of the Ganges River

    Strait of Gibraltar

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