Chapter 3

Java GUI Programming

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Outline
 Introduction
 AWT Vs Swing
 GUI Programming using AWT, Swing and JavaFX
 Event Handling in Java

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 Introduction to GUI
 In GUI, users interact with a set of visual controls (buttons, labels,
text boxes, tool bars, menu items) to make an application do its
required tasks.
 Java GUI applications are event-driven, meaning nothing happens until
an application is called upon to respond to some event (button pressing,
menu selection,...).
 GUI applications are governed by event listeners –they “listen” for
events to occur. Nothing happens until an event is detected.

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 Cont’d……..
 The fundamental elements need to create a Java GUI
application will come from two packages: the Abstract
Windowing Toolkit (AWT) and Swing.
 When Java was first released in 1995, it contained a GUI API
referred to as the Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT).
 This API contained classes like Frame to represent a typical
window, Button to represent buttons, Menu to represent a
window’s menu, and so on.
 The classes and interfaces of the AWT are in the java.awt
packages.
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 Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT)
 AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) is an API to develop Graphical User
Interface (GUI) or windows-based applications in Java.
 AWT components are platform-dependent i.e. components are
displayed according to the view of operating system.
 AWT is heavy weight i.e. its components are using the resources of
underlying operating system (OS).
 The java.awt package provides classes for AWT API such as
TextField, Label, TextArea, RadioButton, CheckBox, Choice, List
etc. 

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Java AWT Hierarchy

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 Useful Methods of Component Class
 Here are some useful methods of the component class:

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 Swing
  Swing is a part of Java Foundation Classes (JFC) that is used to
create window-based applications.
 It is built on the top of AWT (Abstract Windowing Toolkit) API and
entirely written in java.
 Unlike AWT, Java Swing provides platform-independent and
lightweight components.
 The javax.swing package provides classes for java swing API such as
JButton, JTextField, JTextArea, JRadioButton, JCheckbox, JMenu,
JColorChooser etc.

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Java Swing Hierarchy

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AWT Vs Swing

AWT
 AWT components are platform-
dependent.
 AWT components are
heavyweight.
 AWT doesn't support pluggable
look and feel.
 AWT provides less
components than Swing.
Swing
 Java swing components
are platform-independent.
 Swing components are lightweight.
 Swing supports pluggable look
and feel.
 Swing provides more powerful
components such as tables, lists,
scrolllpanes, colorchooser,
tabbedpane etc.

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 AWT Example
 To create simple AWT example, you need a frame. There are two
ways to create a GUI using Frame in AWT.

1. By extending Frame class (inheritance)

2. By creating the object of Frame class (association)

  

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 AWT Frame Demo by Inheritance
  

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 AWT Frame Demo by Association
  

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 Some AWT Components
  

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 AWT Button
 Some Constructors

 Some Methods

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AWT Button Demo

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 AWT Label
 Some Constructors

 Some Methods

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AWT Label Demo

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 AWT TextField
 Some Constructors

 Some Methods

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AWT TextField Demo

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AWT TextArea Demo

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 AWT Checkbox
 Some Constructors

 Some Methods

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AWT Checkbox Demo

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AWT CheckboxGroup Demo

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 AWT Choice
 Constructor used

 Some Methods

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AWT Choice Demo

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 AWT Menu, MenuItem, MenuBar
 Some Constructors

 Some Methods

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AWT Menu, MenuItem, MenuBar Demo

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 Java Swing Components

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 JButton
 The JButton class is used to create a labeled button that has platform independent
implementation. The application result in some action when the button is pushed

 Some Constructors

 Some Methods

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JButton Demo

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 JLabel
  It is used to display a single line of read only text. The text can be changed by an
application but a user cannot edit it directly. It inherits JComponent class.

 Commonly Used Constructors

 Commonly Used Methods

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 Jlabel Demo
  

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 JTextField
 JTextField class is a text component that allows the editing of a single line text. It
inherits JTextComponent class.

 Commonly Used Constructors

 Commonly Used Methods

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 JTextField Demo
  

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 JPasswordField
  JPasswordField class is a text component specialized for password entry. It allows
the editing of a single line of text. It inherits JTextField class

 Commonly Used Constructors

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 JPasswordField Demo
  

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 Login Form Demo
  

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 JTextArea
  JTextArea class is a multi line region that displays text. It allows the editing of
multiple line text. It inherits JTextComponent class

 Commonly Used Constructors

 Commonly Used Methods

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 JTextArea Demo
  

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 JCheckBox
  JCheckBox class is used to create a checkbox. It is used to turn an option on (true)
or off (false). Clicking on a CheckBox changes its state from "on" to "off" or from
"off" to "on ".It inherits JToggleButton class.

 Commonly Used Constructors

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 JCheckBox Demo
  

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 JRadioButton
 JRadioButton class is used to create a radio button. It is used to choose one option
from multiple options. It is widely used in exam systems or quiz.

 Commonly Used Constructors

 Commonly Used Methods

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 JRadioButton Demo
  

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 JChomboBox
 The object of Choice class is used to show popup menu of choices. Choice selected by
user is shown on the top of a menu. It inherits Jcomponent class.
 Commonly Used Constructors

 Commonly Used Methods

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 JComboBox Demo
  

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 JMenuBar, JMenu and JMenuItem
 JMenuBar class is used to display menubar on the window
or frame. It may have several menus.
 JMenu class is a pull down menu component which is
displayed from the menu bar. It inherits the JMenuItem
class.
 JMenuItem class adds a simple labeled menu item. The
items used in a menu must belong to the JMenuItem or
any of its subclass.

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JMenuBar, JMenu and JMenuItem Demo

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 QUIZE (5 %)
 Write a Swing program that Displays the Registration
Form shown in the figure below?

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 JTable
 JTable class is used to display data in tabular form. It is composed of rows
and columns
 Commonly Used Constructors

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JTable Demo

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 JScrollBar
 JScrollBar class is used to add horizontal and vertical scrollbar. It is an
implementation of a scrollbar. It inherits JComponent class.
 Commonly Used Constructors

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JScrollBar Demo

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 JOptionPane
 JOptionPane class is used to provide standard dialog boxes such as message dialog
box, confirm dialog box and input dialog box.

 These dialog boxes are used to display information or get input from the user. 

 The JOptionPane class inherits JComponent class.

 Commonly Used Constructors

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 Cont’d…….
 Commonly Used Methods

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 JOptionPane Demo
m

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JOptionPane Demo

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 JPanel
 JPanel is a simplest container class. It provides space in which an application can
attach any other component. It inherits the JComponents class.

 Commonly Used Constructors

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JPanel Demo

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 JSlider
 JSlider class is used to create the slider. By using JSlider, a user can select a value
from a specific range.
 Commonly Used Constructors

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JSlider Demo

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 Java LayoutManagers

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 LayoutManagers
 The LayoutManagers are used to arrange components in a particular
manner
 The Java LayoutManagers facilitates us to control the positioning
and size of the components in GUI forms
 LayoutManager is an interface that is implemented by all the classes
of layout managers.
 Most Commonly Used LayoutManagers
 FlowLayout
 BorderLayout
 GridLayout

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 FlowLayout
  It is the default layout of the applet or panel.
 FlowLayout class is used to arrange the components in a line, one after another (in a
flow)

 Normally all components are set to one row, according to the order of different
components. 

 If all components can not be fit into one row, it will start a new row and fit the rest in.

 Commonly Used Constructors

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 FlowLayout Demo
  

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 BorderLayout
  The BorderLayout is used to arrange the components in five regions: north, south,
east, west, and center

 Each region (area) may contain one component only.

 It is the default layout of a frame or window.

 The BorderLayout provides five constants for each region:

 Commonly Used Constructors

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BorderLayout Demo

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 GridLayout
 GridLayout class is used to arrange the components in a rectangular grid.
 One component is displayed in each rectangle.
 it is used to lay out the components in a rectangle grid, which has been
divided into equal-sized rectangles and one component is placed in each
rectangle
 Commonly Used Constructors

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GridLayout Demo

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 Java Event Handling

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 What is an Event?
 Change in the state of an object is known as event i.e. event describes
the change in state of source
 Events are generated as result of user interaction with the graphical
user interface components
 For example, clicking on a button, moving the mouse, entering a
character through keyboard, selecting an item from list, scrolling the
page are the activities that causes an event to happen.
 Event Handling is the mechanism that controls the event and decides
what should happen if an event occurs.
 This mechanism have the code which is known as event handler that is
executed when an event occurs.
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 Cont’d ………
 Java Uses the Delegation Event Model to handle the events.

 This model defines the standard mechanism to generate and handle the events.

 The Delegation Event Model has the following key participants namely:

 Source - The source is an object on which event occurs. Source is responsible

for providing information of the occurred event to it's handler. Java provide as

with classes for source object.

 Listener - It is also known as event handler.Listener is responsible for

generating response to an event. From java implementation point of view the

listener is also an object. Listener waits until it receives an event. Once the

event is received , the listener process the event an then returns.

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 How Delegation Event Model Works?
 It defines a standardized and compatible mechanism for generating and processing

events

  In this approach, a source generates an event and sends it to one or more listeners. 

 The listener sits and waits for an event to occur. 

 When it gets an event, it is processed by the listener and returned

 The user interface elements can delegate the processing of an event to a different
function.

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Some Commonly Used Events

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Java Action Event Handling Demo

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Output
Before Clicking Button After Clicking Button

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Handling Multiple Action Event Demo

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Cont’d………

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Cont’d………

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Output
Before Clicking Any Button After Clicking + Button

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 Java ItemEvent Handling
 Java ItemListener is notified whenever you click on the
checkbox.
 It is notified against ItemEvent.
 The ItemListener interface is found in java.awt.event
package
 It has only one method: itemStateChanged().
 The itemStateChanged() method is invoked automatically
whenever you click or unclick on the registered checkbox
component
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Java ItemEvent Handling Demo

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Cont’d……..

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Output
Before Checking any CheckBox After Checking Orange CheckBox

After Checking Yellow CheckBox After Checking Red CheckBox

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 Java KeyEvent Handling
 Java KeyListener is notified whenever you change the state of key.
 It is notified against KeyEvent.
 The KeyListener interface is found in java.awt.event package, and it has
three methods.
 Methods of KeyListener interface

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Java KeyEvent Handling Demo

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Cont’d……….

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Output
Before Any Item Event After Releasing Keys

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89
?
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