Presented by:

EMAMALLY Bibi Yusrinah HAULKHORY Bilal HURADON Ritesh RAMDOO Shalinee SELLAMUTHU Krishen VEERAPEN Pegeeni

Definition

A PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is defined as a digital electronic device that uses a programmable memory to store instructions and to implement specific functions such as logic, counting, sequence, timing, and arithmetic in order to control machines and processes.

INSTRUCTIONS

DESCRIPTION

LOAD LOAD NOT AND AND NOT OR OR NOT OUT

Load logical state of start input Load logical state of start input and invert Logical AND operation Logical AND NOT operation Logical OR operation Logical OR NOT operation Output

Step 1 Testing Input Status

PLC checks whether switches and sensors are activated or not

Step 2 Programming Execution

The PLC executes a program instruction by instruction and based on the status of the inputs

Step 3 Checking Correction of Output Status

The PLC verifies the outputs signal and adjusts it as needed

Scan time is defined as the cycle through the program which involves the reading of the inputs from the other modules, executing the logic based on these inputs and then updates the outputs accordingly. The scan time is a very rapid process which happens in the range of 1/1000th of a second.

The component that make a PLC works can be divided into three main areas namely:
The RACK The rack is the component that holds everything together and allows the card to communicate with the CPU The CPU (Central Processing Unit) The CPU accepts the downloaded logic from a PC. The CPU is then placed in run mode so that it executes the program and operates the process The Input/Output (I/O) section The Input/Output system provides the physical connection between the equipment and the PLC

Step 1

At the beginning of each cycle, the CPU brings in all input signals from the module and stores it into an internal memory called the Process Input Image (PII)

Once the PII is read, the CPU pointer moves in ladder program from left to right and from top to the bottom

Step 2
The CPU takes the status of input from the PII and processes all the rungs. It is in turn stored in the internal memory but this time it is called the Process Output Image (PIQ)

Step 3

At the end of the scanning cycle, the CPU transfers the signal states in the PIQ to the output module.

Step 4

Purity

Absence of air in the water

Flow of fuel

Flow of steam

Temperature of the steam generated

Temperature and Pressure inside the boiler

SCADA is an application. SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition and is a system that gets data about system in order to control that system. SCADA application has two elements:
 The process/system/machinery  Network of intelligent devices that interfaces with the system through sensors which enables a person to measure and control specific elements of the system

SCADA system performs four functions:

 Data Acquisition  Network Data Communication  Data Presentation  Control