1

DESIGN EXAMPLE FLEXURAL STRENGTHENING

RC beam strengthened with CFRP composite for bending
1. SYSTEM

P/2

P/2

370 410

2. CROSS SECTION AND MATERIALS

RC beam h = 40 cm b = 20 cm d = 36.7 cm As1 = 2 16 = 4.02 cm2 Concrete: C30/37 fck = 30 N/mm2 Ec = 33000 N/mm2 fctm = 2.9 N/mm2 Steel: fyk = 500 N/mm2 Es = 210000 N/mm2

FRP composite bf = 50 mm tf = 1.2 mm Efk = 165000 N/mm2 fku = 1.7%

20

40

3. LOADS AND DESIGN VALUES

1. Self-weight 2. Live load before strengthening 3. Live load after strengthening

G= q1 = q1 + q2 =

where

c s f

= 1.5 = 1.15 = 1.2

4. INITIAL SITUATION

Service moment Mo

self-weight + q1

Calculation of the neutral axis depth x0:

Where

4. INITIAL SITUATION

The concrete strain

co

at the top fibre can be expressed as:

Where

4. INITIAL SITUATION

Based on the strain compatibility, the strain can be derived as

at the extreme tension fiber

5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.1. Full composite action Steel yielding followed by concrete crushing

0.85

Where

=0.8

and

5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.1. Full composite action Steel yielding followed by concrete crushing
Only iterative solving possible:

1st proposal

x = 90 mm

=
0.85

2nd proposal

x = .... cm

=
0.85

5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.1. Full composite action Steel yielding followed by concrete crushing




M Rd ! As1 f yd (d  HG x)  Af E f I f (h  HG x)  As 2 Es I s 2 (HG x  d2 )

Where

= 0.4

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5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.1. Full composite action Steel yielding followed by FRP fracture

is theoretically possible if proper mechanical anchorage are used

IS NOT THE CASE

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5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.2. Loss composite action

a>L+d aL < a

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5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.2. Loss composite action End shear failure

Where

(design value of resisting shear strength of concrete)

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5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.3. Verification of peeling-off at the end anchorage and at flexural cracks

Approach 1: Anchorage verification and FRP strain limitation

As1 Af lb Ns1 z

Nb

Nf

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5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.3. Verification of peeling-off at the end anchorage and at flexural cracks

Anchorage verification The maximum FRP force which can be anchored:


The maximum anchorable length:



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5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.3. Verification of peeling-off at the end anchorage and at flexural cracks

Anchorage verification Where:

= 0.9 or kc = 1.0

= 1.0

for beams with sufficient internal and external reinforcement

geometry factor

c1 = 0.64 c2 = 2.0

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5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.3. Verification of peeling-off at the end anchorage and at flexural cracks

Anchorage verification

z=

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5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.3. Verification of peeling-off at the end anchorage and at flexural cracks

Anchorage verification

Initial situation at the position of z

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5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.3. Verification of peeling-off at the end anchorage and at flexural cracks

Anchorage verification

and x is unknown only iterative solving is possible

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5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.3. Verification of peeling-off at the end anchorage and at flexural cracks

Anchorage verification Force equilibrium condition:

0.85
1st proposal

x = .... cm

and

0.002


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5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.3. Verification of peeling-off at the end anchorage and at flexural cracks

Anchorage verification 1st proposal x = .... cm and

c

0.002

M Rd ! As1 Es I s1 (d  HG x)  Af E f I f (h  HG x)

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5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.3. Verification of peeling-off at the end anchorage and at flexural cracks

Anchorage verification 2nd proposal

x = .... cm

and



0.002

0.

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5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.3. Verification of peeling-off at the end anchorage and at flexural cracks

Anchorage verification 2nd proposal x = .... cm and

c

0.002

M Rd ! As1 Es I s1 (d  HG x)  Af E f I f (h  HG x)

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5. ANALYSIS IN ULS 5.3. Verification of peeling-off at the end anchorage and at flexural cracks

Anchorage verification

Where

cb

= 1.5