Management process

• Management is a process which brings the human and material resources together and motivates
people for the achievement of organization

• On going series of interrelated activities

• •Features of management process

• Social
• Continuous
• Universal
• Iterative
• Composite
Steps in planning

• Perception of the opportunities

• Establishment of the objectives
• Building the planning premises
• Identifying the alternatives
• Evaluation of the alternatives
• Choice of the course of action
• Formulation of supporting or derivative plans
• Establishing the sequence of activities
• Securing participation
• Providing for future evaluation
Types of planning

• Financial or non financial

• Formal and informal
• Specific or routine planning
• Profit planning
• Short and long range planning
Types of planning
• Financial or non financial
• formal and informal
• specific or routine
• profit planning
• short or long range planning
MISSION
• purpose of an organization
• business reason for the organization’s existence
• A mission statement should be
• realistic and achievable
• neither be too broad or narrow
• clear for action
• societal linkage
• should not be static
• motivating for members
• should indicate the process of accomplishing objectives
Objectives
• end results of planned activity
• stated in quantifiable terms
• enhances efficiency and effectiveness
• characteristics
• specific
• particular time horizon
• flexible
• attainable
• measurable
• understandable
• help to achieve mission and vision
• challenging
Factors affecting objectives

• size of organization
• level of management
• organization culture
• social responsiveness
Types of objectives
• Profit objective
• Marketing objective
• Productivity objective- ratio of input to output
• Product objective
• Social objective
• Financial objective
• Human resource objective
GOAL
• intermediate result which is expected to be achieved by a certain span
of time
• provides the basis for judging the performance of the organization
• types
• financial- related to return of investment
• strategic- focus on achievement

• example- custome service- provide quality service to the customers atleast at

par with the highest standard in the standard
ORGANISING
• Define role of each individual towards the attainment of enterprise
objectives.
• Organising refers to the process of identifying and grouping of
activities to be performed and dividing them among individuals and
creating authority and responsibility relationship among them for the
accomplishment of organisational objectives.
Importance of organizing in an organization.

• Benefits of specialization
• clarity in working relationships
• optimum utilization of resources
• adaptation to changes
• Effective administration
• Development of personnel
• expansion and growth
Principles of organization
• Attention to objectives
• Authority and responsibility
• Continuity
• Coordination
• Decentralization
• Departmentation
• Division of work
• Efficiency
• Flexibility
• Management by exception
• Proper balance
• Scalar principle
• Span of management
• Unity of command
• Unity of direction
Delegation
• The process of delegation starts from the chief executive of an
organization who has the total responsibility for the achievement of
goals
• In order to share the responsibility of accomplishing goals he further
delegates the work to his subordinates
Elements of delegation
• Assignment of duties or task
• Delegation of authority
• accountability for performance of duties hand exercise of authority
Span of control
• Defines the number of subordinates who are under one manager
• According to spreigel, the principle of span of control implies that no
single executive should have more people looking to him for guidance
and leadership then he can reasonably be expected to serve.

• Wide span and narrow span

Factors determining span of control
• The capacity and ability of the executive
• Competence and training of subordinates
• Nature of work
• Time available for supervision
• Degree of decentralization and extent of delegation
• Effectiveness of communication system
• Quality of planning
• Degree of physical dispersion
• Assistance of experts
• Control mechanism
• Dynamism or rate of change
• Need for balance