Unit 2.

Material property charts:

Mapping materials

Mike Ashby
Department of Engineering,
University of Cambridge

©2022 ANSYS, Inc.

Learning objectives for this lecture unit

Intended Learning Outcomes

Knowledge and
Understanding of material families and their property relationships
Understanding

Skills and Abilities Ability to create material property charts for specific purposes

Values and Attitudes Grasping a broad view of materials information, the big picture

Resources
 Text: “Materials: engineering, science, processing and design” 4th edition by M.F. Ashby, H.R. Shercliff and D. Cebon, Butterworth
Heinemann, Oxford, 2019, Chapters 1-2
 Text: “Materials Selection in Mechanical Design”, 5th edition by M.F. Ashby, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 2016, Chapters 1-2
 Texts: Callister, Budinski, Askeland and others – recommended reading in records
 Software: Ansys Granta EduPack

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Outline of lecture unit 2

 Exploring relationships: property charts

 Making charts
 Custom subsets, adding your own
materials
 Report writing

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Bar charts
Data sheets = numbers, words
We want meaning Property charts

Bar chart 103

Steel WC
Copper
102
Young’s modulus, GPa CFRP

10 Aluminum Alumina
Zinc
Lead Glass GFRP
1Many
PEEK
decades Fibreboard
10 -1 PP

PTFE
10-2

Metals Polymers Ceramics Hybrids

10-3
Log scale

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Bar-chart created with Granta EduPack
Materials
with high
modulus
Metals

Polymers

Elastomers
Materials
with low
modulus

Metals Polymers Ceramics Hybrids

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Which courses? Campus-wide?

Materials science General engineering Polymer engineering

Aerospace engineering Architecture Bioengineering

Product design Environmental engineering Sustainability assessment

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Bubble charts
Bubble
chart

Families occupy
discrete fields

Log scales

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Bubbles chart created with Granta EduPack

Display Box:
Materials with
high Modulus and
Density

Display line:
Materials
with constant
specific stiffness
[E/]

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Creating charts

Plotting and selection tools

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Creating charts

Bar chart

Property
Choose:

X-Axis Y-Axis
List of properties

 Density
 Yield strength
 Young’s modulus
Bubble chart
 etc.

Property 1
Property 2

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Creating advanced charts

Modulus / Density
Bar chart
Choose:

X-Axis Y-Axis

List of properties
Modulus / Density
Advanced
 Density
+ - / ^ ( )
 Yield strength
Bubble chart *

Modulus / Density
 Young’s modulus
 etc. List of properties
 Density
 Yield strength
 Young’s modulus
 etc
Yield strength / Density

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The chart-management tool bar
Autoscale
Zoom out Add text Chart annotation
tools
Zoom in Add arrow

Cancel selection
Add curves

Box selection Add/manage family envelopes

tool
Results from all enabled stages
Line selection
Hide failed materials
tool

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The line, box, and curve tools

Add boxes and lines Add text to chart Display curves and arrows

For annotation, select display only: Right-click on line, box or curve to format:
Impact strength

10 February 2017

©2022 ANSYS, Inc.

How to use annotation tools in charts

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Custom subsets

Custom subset

Selection table: MaterialUniverse

Initial subset: All materials

Selection attributes:
All properties

MaterialUniverse
Ceramics and glasses
Electrical components (Eco Audit

Hybrids: composites etc

Metals and alloys

Polymers and elastomers

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Changing the chart settings (labels etc)

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Making your own records in Tools and other ways

Or, right click on a chart to

add limited data to it…

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Manage your charts in Tools

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Saving projects, report writing

Paste
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
Description
Image

Open project
Copy - Paste
Save project
Cut
Print …….
_
Caption

Clip-
1. ABS pellets. © Shutterstock 2. ABS allows detailed moldings, accepts color well, and is non-toxic
and tough enough to survive the worst that children can do to it. © Gettyimages
The material
ABS (Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) is tough, resilient, and easily molded. It is usually opaque,

Copy board
although some grades can now be transparent, and it can be given vivid colors. ABS-PVC alloys are
tougher than standard ABS and, in self-extinguishing grades, are used for the casings of power tools.
Compositional summary
Block terpolymer of acrylonitrile (15-35%), butadiene (5-30%), and styrene (40-60%).

To General properties

Paste….
Density 1.01e3 - 1.21e3 kg/m^3
Price * 2.5 - 3 USD/kg
Date first used 1937

WORD Mechanical properties

Young's modulus
Shear modulus
1.1
0.319
-
-
2.9
1.03
GPa
GPa
Bulk modulus 3.8 - 4 GPa
Poisson's ratio 0.391 - 0.422
Yield strength (elastic limit) 18.5 - 51 MPa
Tensile strength 27.6 - 55.2 MPa
Compressive strength 31 - 86.2 MPa
Elongation 1.5 - 100 % strain
Hardness - Vickers 5.6 - 15.3 HV
Typical uses
Safety helmets; camper tops; automotive instrument panels and other interior components; pipe
fittings; home-security devices and housings for small appliances; communications equipment;
business machines; plumbing hardware; automobile grilles; wheel covers; mirror housings;

For best results

refrigerator liners; luggage shells; tote trays; mower shrouds; boat hulls; large components for
recreational vehicles; weather seals; glass beading; refrigerator breaker strips; conduit; pipe for drain-
waste-vent (DWV) systems.
Tradenames

Paste Special - Metals Polymers Ceramics Hybrids

Claradex, Comalloy, Cycogel, Cycolac, Hanalac, Lastilac, Lupos, Lustran ABS, Magnum, Multibase,
Novodur, Polyfabs, Polylac, Porene, Ronfalin, Sinkral, Terluran, Toyolac, Tufrex, Ultrastyr
Links
Reference

Device Independent Bitmap. ProcessUniverse

Producers

©2022 ANSYS, Inc.

Summary

• Material property charts gives meaning to data

• The texts contain many charts – you can copy them for teaching

• Project files for many charts can be downloaded from the Granta website

• Granta EduPack lets you make any chart you want

• You can visualize any database, and add your own records

• Comprehensive report-writing facilities

• Data Visualization Selection

(using the data)
(understanding the data)

©2022 ANSYS, Inc.

Lecture unit series
These PowerPoint lecture units, as well as many other types of resources,
can be found in the Ansys Education Resources webpage.
Finding and Displaying Information Sustainability
Unit 1 The materials of engineering What is a sustainable development? A materials perspective
Unit 2 Material property charts: mapping materials Materials for low carbon power
Unit 3 The Elements database: properties, relationships and resources Special Topics
Material Properties Architecture and the built environment: materials for construction
Unit 4 Manipulating properties: composition, microstructure, Structural sections: shape in action
architecture
Materials in industrial design: Why do consumers buy products?
Unit 5 Designing new materials: filling the materials-property space
The Design database for Products
Unit 6 Materials Science and Engineering
The Battery Designer tool
Selection
Advanced Teaching and Research
Unit 7 Material selection: translation, screening, ranking, documentation
Advanced databases
Unit 8 Objectives in conflict: trade off methods and penalty functions
The Aerospace database
Unit 9 Material and shape: materials for efficient structures
The Polymer database
Unit 10 Manufacturing processes and cost modeling
The Synthesizer tool: hybrids and other models
Unit 11 Eco-informed material selection
Bioengineering and Medical Devices
Unit 12 Eco design and the Eco Audit tool

www.ansys.com/education-resources
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© 2022 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2018 Mike Ashby

Use and Reproduction

The content used in this resource may only be used or reproduced for teaching purposes; and any commercial use is strictly prohibited.
 
Document Information
This lecture unit is part of a set of teaching resources to help introduce students to materials, processes and rational selections.
 
Ansys Education Resources
To access more undergraduate education resources, including lecture presentations with notes, exercises with worked solutions, microprojects, real
life examples and more, visit www.ansys.com/education-resources.

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