CC H TH NG H

TR

RA QUY T

NH V THNG TIN

M c tiu
Vi c a ra cc quy t nh t t v cc k n ng gi i quy t v n l y u t quy t inh t i vi c pht tri n cc h th ng h tr ra quy t nh v thng tin
nh ngh a cc giai o n c a qu trnh ra quy t nh Th o lu n v t m quan tr ng c a vi c th c hi n v qu n l trong vi c gi i quy t v n (problem solving)

Fundamentals of Information Systems, Third Edition

M c tiu
H th ng thng tin qu n l (MIS) c n ph i cung c p ng thng tin n ng ng i vo ng lc v ng cch
Gi i thch v vi c s d ng c a MIS v cc d li u nh p v xu t c a MIS Gi i thi u cc H th ng thng tin v ch c n ng c a chng trong m t doanh nghi p kinh doanh

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Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)

Cc H h tr ra quy t nh v n l khng c c u trc c s d ng khi cc
Li t k v gi i thch cc c tnh quan tr ng c a DSS Li t k v gi i thch cc thnh ph n quan tr ng c a DSS

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M c tiu
Cc h th ng h tr chuyn d ng nh cc h th ng h tr nhm - group support systems (GSSs) v cc h th ng h tr i u hnh - executive support systems (ESSs), s d ng ph ng php c a h th ng DSS trong cc tnh hu ng nh ra quy t nh nhm v ra quy t nh i u hnh.
Nu m c ch c a m t GSS v xc nh cc i m khc bi t so v i m t DSS. Xc nh cc ng d ng c b n c a m t ESS v nu cc c tnh c b n c a n.

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Decision Making and Problem Solving: Decision Making as a Component of Problem Solving
Giai o n Ra quy t nh - Decision-making : l qu trnh u tin trong ton b ti n trnh gi i quy t v n - problem-solving
Giai o n thng tin - Intelligence stage: cc v n ti m n ng ho c c h i c xc nh Giai o n thi t k - Design stage: pht tri n cc gi i php khc nhau cho v n Giai o n l a ch n - Choice stage: cc b c ho t ng c th c a ra
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Decision Making as a Component of Problem Solving (continued)

Figure 6.1: How Decision Making Relates to Problem Solving

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Decision Making as a Component of Problem Solving (continued)

- Problem solving: m t ti n Gi i quy t v n trnh bao g m cc b c ra quy t nh v th c hi n quy t nh Giai o n th c hi n - Implementation stage: a solution is put into effect Giai o n gim st - Monitoring stage: decision makers evaluate the implementation

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Programmed Versus Nonprogrammed Decisions

Cc quy t decisions nh c th l p trnh - Programmed
L cc quy t nh c a ra s d ng cc lu t, cc quy trnh ho c ph ng php nh l ng D dng s d ng v i my tnh nh cc h th ng thng tin truy n th ng

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Programmed Versus Nonprogrammed Decisions (continued)

Cc quy t nh khng l p trnh Nonprogrammed decisions
Cc quy t nh lin quan ho c t xu t Kh nh l ng

cc bi t

n cc tnh hu ng

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Optimization, Satisficing, and Heuristic Approaches

M hnh t i u - Optimization model: ti n trnh tm ra gi i php t t nh t, th ng l gi i php gip doanh nghi p t c m c tiu M hnh th a mn - Satisficing model: ti n trnh tm ra gi i php t t khng c n ph i t t nh t gi i quy t cv n M hnh khm ph, tm ti - Heuristics: cc h ng d n ho c cc quy trnh ph bi n tm ra gi i php t t

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An Overview of Management Information Systems: Management Information Systems in Perspective

M t MIS cung c p cho cc nh qu n l nh ng thng tin c n thi t h tr cho qu trnh ra quy t nh hi u qu v cung c p cc thng tin ph n h i cho cc ho t ng hng ngy MIS c s d ng MIS t t c cc c p qu n l

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Management Information Systems in Perspective (continued)

Figure 6.3: Sources of Managerial Information

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u vo cho MIS
Ngu n bn trong - Internal data sources
TPSs and ERP systems and related databases; data warehouses and data marts; specific functional areas throughout the firm

Ngu n bn ngoi - External data sources

Customers, suppliers, competitors, and stockholders, whose data is not already captured by the TPS; the Internet; extranets

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u ra c a MIS
Bo co nh k - Scheduled report: produced periodically, or on a schedule Bo co Key-indicator report: summary of the previous days critical activities Bo co theo yu c u -Demand report: developed to give certain information at someones request Exception report: automatically produced when a situation is unusual or requires management action Drill-down report: provides increasingly detailed data about a situation
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Functional Aspects of the MIS

c c u trc theo cc ch c H u h t cc t ch c n ng ho c theo l nh v c ho t ng M t MIS c th c phn lo i theo t ng nhm ch c n ng ho c c thi t k theo t ng ch c n ng ring bi t

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Functional Aspects of the MIS (continued)

Figure 6.5: The MIS is an integrated collection of functional information systems, each supporting particular functional areas.
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Cc h th ng thng tin Qu n tr Ti chnh Financial Management Information Systems

Financial MIS: cung c p cc thng tin cho cc cn b qu n l ti chnh trong doanh nghi p Cc h th ng tnh ton chi ph v l i nhu n Ki m ton Qu n l qu

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Financial Management Information Systems (continued)

Figure 6.6: Overview of a Financial MIS

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Cc h th ng thng tin qu n l s n xu t
Manufacturing Management Information Systems
Gim st v qu n l ton b qu trnh d ch chuy n c a nguyn v t li u, s n ph m, d ch v trong t ch c Thi t k Chu trnh s n xu t Qu n l kho

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Manufacturing Management Information Systems (continued)

MRP and MRPII Just in time Qu n l ti n trnh Qu n l ch t l ng

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Manufacturing Management Information Systems (continued)

Figure 6.7: Overview of a Manufacturing MIS

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H th ng Thng tin Qu n l Marketing

Marketing Management Information Systems
Marketing MIS: h tr cc ho t ng qu n l v pht tri n s n ph m, phn ph i, tnh ton gi, hi u qu ho t ng khuy n mi v d on tnh hnh bn hng Nghin c u th tr ng Pht tri n s n ph m Qu n co v khuy n mi Xc nh gi thnh s n ph m

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Marketing Management Information Systems (continued)

Figure 6.8: Overview of a Marketing MIS

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Cc h th ng Thng tin Qu n l Nhn s

Human Resource Management Information Systems

Human resource MIS: lin quan n cc ho t ng v nhn s v cc nhn s ti m n ng trong m t t ch c nh gi cc nhu c u v k ho ch Tuy n d ng o t o v pht tri n k n ng

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Human Resource Management Information Systems (continued)

K ho ch v phn nhi m L i ch nhn vin Outplacement

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Human Resource Management Information Systems (continued)

Figure 6.9: Overview of a Human Resource MIS

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Cc h th ng thng tin qu n l khc

H th ng thng tin K ton - Accounting MIS: cung c p cc thng tin t ng h p v tnh tr ng ti kho n, b ng l ng v cc thng tin khc H th ng thng tin a l - Geographic information system (GIS): kh n ng t p h p, l u tr , x l v hi n th cc thng tin a l

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T ng quan v H H tr ra quy t

nh

M t DSS l m t t p h p con ng i, quy trnh, ph n m m, CSDL v cc thi t b s d ng h tr ra quy t nh cho nh ng v n c th v gi i quy t v n DSS t p trung vo hi u qu c a vi c ra quy t nh khi gi i quy t cc v n khng c c u trc ho c bn c u trc

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Kh n ng c a DSS
H H H H tr tr tr tr cc giai o cc t n su cc v n cc m c n gi i quy t v n t quy t nh khc nhau khc nhau ra quy t nh khc nhau

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Kh n ng c a DSS

Figure 6.10: Decision-Making Level

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So snh gi a DSS v MIS

Table 6.3: Comparison of DSSs and MISs

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A Comparison of DSS and MIS (continued)

Table 6.3: Comparison of DSSs and MISs (continued)

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Cc thnh ph n c a DSS
D a trn m hnh - Model base: cung c p cc m hnh tnh ton v tr gip qu trnh ra quy t nh Database Truy c p CSDL bn ngoi Truy c p Internet v Intranet, m ng v cc h th ng my tnh khc Qu n l h i tho i - Dialogue manager: cho php ng i s d ng d dng truy xu t v x l DSS m t cch d dng s d ng cc c m t v thu t ng chung
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Components of a Decision Support System (continued)

Figure 6.11: Conceptual Model of a DSS

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Cc h th ng h tr nhm
Group support system (GSS)
Bao g m cc thnh ph n ch y u trong m t DSS, ngoi ra cn c thm cc ph n m m h tr vi c ra quy t nh nhm Cn c g i l group decision support system ho c computerized collaborative work system

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Group Support Systems (continued)

Figure 6.12: Configuration of a GSS

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Cc GSS h tr ra quy t
Thi t k c bi t D s d ng Linh ho t H tr vi c ra quy t

nh

nh

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Characteristics of a GSS That Enhance Decision Making (continued)

D li u vo n c danh Gi m cc hnh vi tiu c c Giao ti p song song T ng l u tr thng tin

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Ph n m m GSS
c g i l groupware or workgroup software Cn Gip vi c ra cc chi n l c nhm, giao ti p v qu n tr nhm V d : Lotus Notes, Microsofts NetMeeting, Microsoft Exchange, NetDocuments Enterprise, Collabra Share, OpenMind, TeamWare M t s TPS v ERP c ng tch h p cc ph n m m c ng tc

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GSS Alternatives

Figure 6.13: GSS Alternatives

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GSS Alternatives (continued)

Figure 6.14: The GSS Decision Room

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H h tr lnh o Executive Support Systems

Executive support system (ESS): h th ng DSS chuyn d ng cung c p cc thng tin tr gip cho c p lnh o cao nh t trong m t doanh nghi p

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Vi n c nh c a ESS
Ring bi t cho t ng lnh o D s d ng Kh n ng Drill-down H tr truy su t thng tin bn ngoi

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Kh n ng c a ESS
H H H H H tr tr tr tr tr xc nh t m nhn t ng th l p k ho ch chi n l c vi c t ch c chi n l c v b tr nhn vin vi c qu n l chi n l c qu n tr kh ng ho ng

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T ng k t
The decision-making phase of the problem-solving process includes three stages: intelligence, design, and choice A management information system (MIS) provides managers with information that supports effective decision making and provides feedback on daily operations A financial MIS provides financial information to all financial managers within an organization

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Summary (continued)
The manufacturing MIS subsystems and outputs monitor and control the flow of materials, products, and services through the organization A marketing MIS supports managerial activities in product development, distribution, pricing decisions, and promotional effectiveness A human resource MIS is concerned with activities related to employees and potential employees of an organization

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Summary (continued)
A DSS is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support decision making and problem solving A group support system (GSS) consists of most elements in a DSS, plus software to provide effective support in group decision making An executive support system (ESS) is a specialized DSS that includes all hardware, software, data, procedures, and people used to assist senior-level executives within the organization
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