ELT Approaches, Methods,

and Techniques
Grammar-Translation Method
• The Grammar-Translation Method focuses on the teaching of
the foreign language grammar through the presentation of rules
together with some exceptions and lists of vocabulary translated
into the mother tongue.
• Translation is considered to be the most important classroom
activity. It makes clear to the students by translating them into
native language.
• The advantage of this method is the students learn the meaning
of words, idioms, phrases and sentences easily.
Direct Method
• The direct method focuses on full immersion in the classroom
environment where not one word of the students' native
language is spoken.
• The method aims at establishing the direct bond between
thought and expressions and between experience and
language.
• It is based on the assumption that the learner should
experience the new language in the same way as he
experienced his mother tongue.
Audio-Lingual Method
• The audio-lingual teaching method is defined as a method
which emphasizes on repetition of the words to help the
students to be able to use the target language communicatively.
• The purpose of the repetition/drills is to break down the
troublesome sentences into smaller part.
• E.g. : The teacher first reads each line of the dialogue or
presents it with a recording. In chorus, students repeat each line
of the dialogue after it's presented, eventually memorizing it
through many repetitions. The teacher then takes one role and
the class takes the other, and they also change parts.
Silent Way
• The Silent Way is the name of a method of language teaching
devised by Caleb Gattegno.
• It is based on the premise that the teacher should be silent as
much as possible in the classroom but the learner should be
encouraged to produce as much language as possible.
• The method is characterized by its focus on discovery,
creativity, problem solving and the use of accompanying
materials.
Suggestopedia
• Suggestopedia, is a teaching method used to learn foreign
languages developed by the Bulgarian psychiatrist Georgi
Lozanov. It is also known as desuggestopedia.
• First developed in the 1970s, suggestopedia utilized positive
suggestions in teaching language.
• One of the core principles of Suggestopedia is that students will
be able to learn large amounts of vocabulary in little time.
• Lozanov insisted that this method would result in students
learning the language three to five times faster than they would
through other methods.
Community Language Learning
• Community Language Learning is a language teaching
method which involves psychological aspect and students work
together to develop what skill of a language they would like to
learn.
• The roles of the teacher is called counselor and the learners are
called client in the language classroom.
• It is a good method for practicing communication. It is also good
method for beginners who just first study their second language.
• This method can help beginners to reduce their anxiety in the
classroom.
Total Physical Response
• Total physical response is a language teaching method
developed by James Asher, a professor emeritus of psychology at
San José State University.
• In TPR, instructors give commands to students in the target
language with body movements, and students respond with
whole-body actions.
• A great example of group singing with total physical response is
the grade school classic, “Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes”.
This song is not only fun to sing but incorporates movements that
students can remember even if they can't quite get all the words.
Communicative Approach
• Communicative approach, is an approach to language teaching
that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate
goal of study.
• This method positions the teacher as a facilitator, rather than an
instructor.
• The concentration is on the need of the students and the task
given is well prepared. The task which is given to the students
is taken from all aspects of academic.
Task-based Learning
• Task-Based Learning is a lesson structure, a method of
sequencing activities in your lessons.
• Sometimes called 'Task-Based Language Teaching’, it teaches
students to solve a task that involves an authentic use of
language, rather than completing simple language questions
about grammar or vocabulary.
• This approach particularly challenges students who are used to
a more traditional classroom, say, focusing on analyzing,
practicing, and memorizing a few irregular verbs.
Lexical Approach
• The lexical approach is a method of teaching foreign
languages described by Michael Lewis in the early 1990s.
• The basic concept on which this approach rests is the idea that
an important part of learning a language consists of being able
to understand and produce lexical phrases as chunks.
• It believes that building blocks of language learning and
communication are not grammar, functions, notions, or some
other unit of planning and teaching but lexis, that is, words and
word combinations.
Eclectic Approach
• Eclectic method is a language teaching method that combines
various approaches and methodologies to teach language
depending on the aims of the lesson and the abilities of the
learners.
• Different teaching methods are borrowed and adapted to suit
the requirement of the learners. It is also known as mixed-
methods.
• This method was first used in 1920s-1930s by English linguists
(Henry Sweet and Harold Palmer).
Thank you