M900/M1800

GSM System

OMA000003 GSM
Communication Flow

Lecturer: Wang Hui

 CONTENT

GSM Security Management

GSM Basic Call Sequence

Location Update Sequence

SMS Sequence

Handover Sequence
GSM Security Management

Authentication and
Ciphering Sequence

TMSI
Reallocation

Equipment
Identification
Authentication

Authentication may be
executed during setup,
location updating and
supplementary services
 Authentication Sequence

HLR/
AUC
AU HL KI（IMSI）+RAND A3 SRES
IMSI(m) KI （ M C R KI(IMSI)+RAND A8 KC
)
VL SIM M+KC A5 KC(M)
IMSI(n) KI （ N
) R (MS/BSS)
KI(IMSI)
A5
RAND A8 A3
AUTH KC(M)+KC (MS/BSS) M
GENERAT
OR REQ
RAN K SRE
D C S KI(IMSI)

IMSIBUFFE CKS RAN

A8 A3 RAND 16byte
R RAN KC SRES 1 RAN
KC N D
R SRE BSS KC KI 16byte
DAN 2
TEM D SRES SRES
KC S
D P kc 8byte
DAT EQUAL SERS 4byte
RAN SRE 5
KC S A CKSN low 3bits of 1byte
D
 Authentication and Ciphering Sequence

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR

1 Pre-send Triples to VLR
 Authentication and Ciphering Sequence

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR

1 Pre-send Triples to VLR
RAND
2 Authenticate RAND
< SDCCH>
Authentication Request
 Authentication and Ciphering Sequence

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR

1 Pre-send Triples to VLR
RAND
2 Authenticate RAND
< SDCCH>
Authentication Request
3 Authenticate Response < SDCCH>
(SRES)
 Authentication and Ciphering Sequence

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR

1 Pre-send Triples to VLR
RAND
2 Authenticate RAND
< SDCCH>
Authentication Request
3 Authenticate Response < SDCCH>
(SRES)

4 Start Ciphering
 Authentication and Ciphering Sequence

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR

1 Pre-send Triples to VLR
RAND
2 Authenticate RAND
< SDCCH>
Authentication Request
3 Authenticate Response < SDCCH>
(SRES)

4 Start Ciphering

<SDCCH>
5 Cipher Mode Command
< SDCCH>
Cipher Mode Complete
 TMSI Reallocation

MS VLR
Location Update Req

(TMSI)
Location Update Acc

TMSI Reallocation Comp

 Equipment Identification

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN EIR

1 Equipment ID < SDCCH>
Request
 Equipment Identification

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN EIR

1 Equipment ID < SDCCH>
Request
< SDCCH>
2 ID Response
IMEI)
 Equipment Identification

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN EIR

1 Equipment ID < SDCCH>
Request
< SDCCH>
2 ID Response
IMEI)

3 Check IMEI

Check IMEI
Response
GSM Basic Call Sequence

Mobile to Land Sequence

Land to Mobile Sequence

Mobile Initiated Call

Clearing Sequence
 GSM Basic Call Sequence

The process for calling MS and called MS are two

independent flow. The calling party begins with
channel request and ends with TCH assignment
competition. In general, the calling party includes
following several stages: access process,
authentication and ciphering process, TCH
assignment process. So, we take the sequence
from mobile to land as example, in this sequence,
we mainly devote to the calling party.
 Mobile to Land Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN
1 CHANNEL REQUEST <RACH>

DCCH ASSIGN <AGCH>

SIGNALING LINK
ESTABLISHED
 Mobile to Land Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN
1 CHANNEL REQUEST <RACH>

DCCH ASSIGN <AGCH>

SIGNALING LINK
ESTABLISHED

< SDCCH> CR
2 REQ. FOR SERVICE CC
 Mobile to Land Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN
1 CHANNEL REQUEST <RACH>

DCCH ASSIGN <AGCH>

SIGNALING LINK
ESTABLISHED

< SDCCH> CR
2 REQ. FOR SERVICE CC

3 AUTHENTICATION
SET Cipher MODE
 Mobile to Land Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN
1 CHANNEL REQUEST <RACH>

DCCH ASSIGN <AGCH>

SIGNALING LINK
ESTABLISHED

< SDCCH> CR
2 REQ. FOR SERVICE CC

3 AUTHENTICATION
SET Cipher MODE

< SDCCH> SFOC

4 SET-UP
Call Info
 Mobile to Land Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN
1 CHANNEL REQUEST <RACH>

DCCH ASSIGN <AGCH>

SIGNALING LINK
ESTABLISHED

< SDCCH> CR
2 REQ. FOR SERVICE CC

3 AUTHENTICATION
SET Cipher MODE

< SDCCH> SFOC

4 SET-UP
Call Info
5 EQUIP. ID REQ.
 Mobile to Land Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN
1 CHANNEL REQUEST <RACH>

DCCH ASSIGN <AGCH>

SIGNALING LINK
ESTABLISHED

< SDCCH> CR
2 REQ. FOR SERVICE CC

3 AUTHENTICATION
SET Cipher MODE

< SDCCH> SFOC

4 SET-UP
Call Info
5 EQUIP. ID REQ.

6 COMPLETE CALL
< SDCCH>
CALL PROCEEDING
 Mobile to Land Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN
7 ASSIG. COMMAND <SDCCH>

< FACCH> circuit

ASSIG. COMPLETE
 Mobile to Land Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN
< SDCCH>
7 ASSIG. COMMAND
< FACCH> circuit
ASSIG. COMPLETE

Initial and Final Address

8 Message (IFAM)
Address Complete(ACM)
< FACCH>
Alerting MS hears ring
tone from land
phone
 Mobile to Land Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN
< SDCCH>
7 ASSIG. COMMAND
< FACCH> circuit
ASSIG. COMPLETE

Initial and Final Address

8 Message (IFAM)
Address Complete(ACM)
< FACCH>
Alerting MS hears ring
tone from land
phone
9 Answer (ANS)Connect
< FACCH>
Ring tone
stops
 Mobile to Land Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN
< SDCCH>
7 ASSIG. COMMAND
< FACCH> circuit
ASSIG. COMPLETE

Initial and Final Address

8 Message (IFAM)
Address Complete(ACM)
< FACCH>
Alerting MS hears ring
tone from land
phone
9 Answer (ANS)Connect
< FACCH>
Ring tone
stops
BILLING STARTS
< FACCH>
10 Connect Acknowledge HELLO!
< TCH>
 Question

What happens when the

calling MS activates the
SS of BAOC?
 Answer
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN
1 CHANNEL REQUEST <RACH>

DCCH ASSIGN <AGCH>

SIGNALING LINK
ESTABLISHED

< SDCCH> CR
2 REQ. FOR SERVICE CC

3 AUTHENTICATION
SET Cipher MODE

< SDCCH> SFOC

4 SET-UP
Call Info
5 EQUIP. ID REQ.
Call Barred
6 COMPLETE CALL
< SDCCH>
CALL PROCEEDING
 GSM Basic Call Sequence

For the called party, the flow for the called party
begins when MSC sends paging command to the
called party, ends when two party start talk. In
general, this call flow includes several stages:
access process, authentication and ciphering
process, TCH assignment process, talk process,
release process.
 Land to Mobile Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC PSTN

Initial and Final

1 Address Message
( MSISDN)
 Land to Mobile Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC PSTN

Initial and Final

1 Address Message
( MSISDN)

2 Send Routing Info

(IMSI) ( MSISDN)
 Land to Mobile Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC PSTN

Initial and Final

1 Address Message
( MSISDN)

2 Send Routing Info

(IMSI) ( MSISDN)
3 Routing Info Ack
Initial and Final ( MSRN) ( MSRN)
Address Message
( MSRN)
 Land to Mobile Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC PSTN

Initial and Final

1 Address Message
( MSISDN)

2 Send Routing Info

(IMSI) ( MSISDN)
3 Routing Info Ack
Initial and Final ( MSRN) ( MSRN)
Address Message
( MSRN)

4 Send Info For I/C

Call Setup ( MSRN)
 Land to Mobile Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC PSTN

Initial and Final

1 Address Message
( MSISDN)

2 Send Routing Info

(IMSI) ( MSISDN)
3 Routing Info Ack
Initial and Final ( MSRN) ( MSRN)
Address Message
( MSRN)

4 Send Info For I/C

Call Setup ( MSRN)

5 Page < PCH>

Paging Request ( LAI & TMSI)
(TMSI) (TMSI)
 Land to Mobile Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC PSTN
6 Channel Request <RACH>

DCCH Assign <AGCH>

Signaling Link <SDCCH>

Established
Page Response <SDCCH>
CR
(TMSI)
*Authentication (TMSI & (Status)
Status)
 Land to Mobile Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC PSTN
6 Channel Request <RACH>

DCCH Assign <AGCH>

Signaling Link <SDCCH>

Established
Page Response <SDCCH>
CR
(TMSI)
*Authentication (TMSI & (Status)
Status)

7 Complete Call <TMSI>

Setup <SDCCH>
 Land to Mobile Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC PSTN
6 Channel Request <RACH>

DCCH Assign <AGCH>

Signaling Link <SDCCH>

Established
Page Response <SDCCH>
CR
(TMSI)
*Authentication (TMSI & (Status)
Status)

7 Complete Call <TMSI>

Setup <SDCCH>

<SDCCH>
8 Call Confirmation
Ring Tone at
the land phone
 Land to Mobile Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC PSTN
9 Assignment
Command ( channel) (circuit)
Assignment < FACCH>
Complete Ring Tone at
<TCH> the land
Alert phone
Address Complete
 Land to Mobile Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC PSTN
9 Assignment
Command ( channel) (circuit)
Assignment < FACCH>
Complete Ring Tone at
<TCH> the land
Alert phone
Address Complete

10 Connect < FACCH>

Ringing stops
Subscriber at land phone
picks up

Connect ACK ANS < FACCH> Billing

starts

<TCH>
Hello...
 Questions

Please give the sequence:

1.The called MS is powered off.
2.The called MS activates the CFU to a
PSTN No.
3.The called MS has been barred all
incoming call.
4.The Called MS are not known at HLR
 Answers
1. The called MS is powered off

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC PSTN

Initial and Final
1 Address Message
( MSISDN)

2 Send Routing Info

(IMSI) ( MSISDN)

3 Routing Info Ack

Subscriber Absent

The Land
hears the
announcement
of mobile is
powered off
 Answers
2. The called MS activates the CFU to a PSTN No.

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC PSTN

Initial and Final
(MSISDN)
1 Address Message

2 Send Routing Info

(MSISDN)

3 Routing Info Ack

CFN
4 IFAM
 Answers
3. The called MS has been barred all incoming call.

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC PSTN

Initial and Final
1 Address Message
(MSISDN)

2 Send Routing Info

(MSISDN)

3 Routing Info Ack

Call Barred
 Answers
4. The Called MS are not known at HLR

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR GMSC PSTN

Initial and Final
1 Address Message
(MSISDN)

2 Send Routing Info

(MSISDN)

3 Routing Info Ack

Unknown Subscriber
Mobile Initiated Call Clearing Sequence

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN

1 Disconnect < FACCH>

PSTN Release
< FACCH>
Mobile Release
Mobile Initiated Call Clearing Sequence

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN

1 Disconnect < FACCH>

PSTN Release
< FACCH>
Mobile Release

2 PSTN Release
Complete
Mobile Release < FACCH>
Complete
MS-MSC Signalling
Released
Mobile Initiated Call Clearing Sequence

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN

1 Disconnect < FACCH>

PSTN Release
< FACCH>
Mobile Release

2 PSTN Release
Complete
Mobile Release < FACCH>
Complete
MS-MSC Signalling
Released

3 Clear Command
< FACCH>
Channel Release
 Mobile Initiated Call Clearing Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN

<FACCH>
4 DISC
< FACCH>
UA

Clear Complete
 Mobile Initiated Call Clearing Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR PSTN

<FACCH>
4 DISC
< FACCH>
UA

Clear Complete

5 RLSD

Release Complete
Location Update Sequence

Brief Introduction to
Location Update

Several Typical Location

Update Sequences
Brief Introdution to Location Update

The types of Location Update :

Periodic Location Update

IMSI Attach/Detach
Normal Location Update
Several Typical Location Update Sequences

Intra-VLR Location Update

Sequence

Inter-VLR Location Update

Sequence
Intra-VLR Location Update Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR
<RACH>
1 Channel Request
<AGCH>
DCCH Assign Only sent to HLR if
this is the first
time the MS has
Location Updated
in this VLR
 Intra-VLR Location Update Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR
<RACH>
1 Channel Request
<AGCH>
DCCH Assign Only sent to HLR if
this is the first
<SDCCH> time the MS has
2 Location Update Request Location Updated
in this VLR
 Intra-VLR Location Update Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR
<RACH>
1 Channel Request
<AGCH>
DCCH Assign Only sent to HLR if
this is the first
<SDCCH> time the MS has
2 Location Update Request Location Updated
in this VLR
LAI & TMSI
3 Authentication & Ciphering
 Intra-VLR Location Update Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR
<RACH>
1 Channel Request
<AGCH>
DCCH Assign Only sent to HLR if
this is the first
<SDCCH> time the MS has
2 Location Update Request Location Updated
in this VLR
LAI & TMSI
3 Authentication & Ciphering
<TMSI>
4 Forward New TMSI
<SDCCH>
Location Update Accept <TMSI>
 Intra-VLR Location Update Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR
<RACH>
1 Channel Request
<AGCH>
DCCH Assign Only sent to HLR if
this is the first
<SDCCH> time the MS has
2 Location Update Request Location Updated
in this VLR
LAI & TMSI
3 Authentication & Ciphering
<TMSI>
4 Forward New TMSI
<SDCCH>
Location Update Accept <TMSI>

5 TMSI Reallocate Complete <SDCCH>

TMSI ACK
 Intra-VLR Location Update Sequence
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR
<RACH>
1 Channel Request
<AGCH>
DCCH Assign Only sent to HLR if
this is the first
<SDCCH> time the MS has
2 Location Update Request Location Updated
in this VLR
LAI & TMSI
3 Authentication & Ciphering
<TMSI>
4 Forward New TMSI
<SDCCH>
Location Update Accept <TMSI>

5 TMSI Reallocate Complete <SDCCH>

TMSI ACK
<SDCCH>
6 Clear Command
<SDCCH>
Clear Complete
Inter-VLR Location Update Sequence

Location Update via IMSI

Location Update via TMSI

Inter-VLR Location Update Via IMSI
MS BSS MSC VLRn HLR VLRo
<RACH>
1 Channel Request <AGCH>
DCCH Assign
 Inter-VLR Location Update Via IMSI
MS BSS MSC VLRn HLR VLRo
<RACH>
1 Channel Request <AGCH>
DCCH Assign
<SDCCH>
2 Location Update Request
LAI & IMSI
 Inter-VLR Location Update Via IMSI
MS BSS MSC VLRn HLR VLRo
<RACH>
1 Channel Request <AGCH>
DCCH Assign
<SDCCH>
2 Location Update Request
LAI & IMSI

3 Authentication Para. Req

Authentication & Ciphering

.
 Inter-VLR Location Update Via IMSI
MS BSS MSC VLRn HLR VLRo
<RACH>
1 Channel Request <AGCH>
DCCH Assign
<SDCCH>
2 Location Update Request
LAI & IMSI
3 Authentication Para. Req
Authentication & Ciphering

4 Location Update Request

Insert Subscriber Data
Insert Subscriber Data Ack
Location Update accept
 Inter-VLR Location Update Via IMSI
MS BSS MSC VLRn HLR VLRo
<RACH>
1 Channel Request <AGCH>
DCCH Assign
<SDCCH>
2 Location Update Request
LAI & IMSI

3 Authentication Para. Req

Authentication & Ciphering

4 Location Update Request

Insert Subscriber Data
Insert Subscriber Data Ack
Location Update accept

5 Cancellocation

Cancellocation
. Ack
 Inter-VLR Location Update Via IMSI
MS BSS MSC VLRn HLR VLRo
6 Forward New TMSI

Location Update Accept

TMSI Reallocate Complete

TMSI ACK
 Inter-VLR Location Update Via IMSI
MS BSS MSC VLRn HLR VLRo
6 Forward New TMSI

Location Update Accept

TMSI Reallocate Complete

TMSI ACK

7 Clear Command

Clear Complete
Inter-VLR Location Update Via TMSI
MS BSS MSC VLRn HLR VLRo
<RACH>
1 Channel Request <AGCH>
DCCH Assign
 Inter-VLR Location Update Via TMSI
MS BSS MSC VLRn HLR VLRo
<RACH>
1 Channel Request <AGCH>
DCCH Assign
<SDCCH>
2 Location Update Request
LAI & TMSI
 Inter-VLR Location Update Via TMSI
MS BSS MSC VLRn HLR VLRo
<RACH>
1 Channel Request <AGCH>
DCCH Assign
<SDCCH>
2 Location Update Request
LAI & TMSI

3 Provide Identification TMSI&LAIO

provide Identification Ack TMSI,IMSI,KC,R,S)

Authentication & Ciphering

.
 Inter-VLR Location Update Via TMSI
MS BSS MSC VLRn HLR VLRo
<RACH>
1 Channel Request <AGCH>
DCCH Assign
<SDCCH>
2 Location Update Request
LAI & TMSI

TMSI&LAIO
3 Provide Identification

TMSI,IMSI,KC,R,S)
provide Identification Ack

Authentication & Ciphering

4 Location Update Request

Insert Subscriber Data
Insert Subscriber Data Ack
Location Update accept
Inter-VLR Location Update Via TMSI
MS BSS MSC VLRn HLR VLRo

5 Cancellocation

Cancellocation
. Ack
 Inter-VLR Location Update Via TMSI
MS BSS MSC VLRn HLR VLRo

5 Cancellocation

Cancellocation
. Ack

6 Forward New TMSI

Location Update Accept

TMSI Reallocate Complete

TMSI ACK
 Inter-VLR Location Update Via TMSI
MS BSS MSC VLRn HLR VLRo

5 Cancellocation

Cancellocation
. Ack

6 Forward New TMSI

Location Update Accept

TMSI Reallocate Complete

TMSI ACK

7 Clear Command

Clear Complete
 Short Message Sequence

The mobile originated short message

transfer procedure is separated from
mobile terminated.
The basic short message sequence
consists of two parts: MO SMS
Transfer and MT SMS Transfer.
 MO SMS Transfer
MS BSS MSC VLR Interworking SC
MSC
<RACH>
1 CHANNEL REQUEST
DCCH ASSIGN <AGCH>

SIGNALING LINK
ESTABLISHED
 MO SMS Transfer
MS BSS MSC VLR Interworking SC
MSC
<RACH>
1 CHANNEL REQUEST
DCCH ASSIGN <AGCH>

SIGNALING LINK
ESTABLISHED
<SDCCH> CR
2 REQ. FOR SERVICE

CC
 MO SMS Transfer
MS BSS MSC VLR Interworking SC
MSC
<RACH>
1 CHANNEL REQUEST
DCCH ASSIGN <AGCH>

SIGNALING LINK
ESTABLISHED
<SDCCH> CR
2 REQ. FOR SERVICE
CC

3 AUTHENTICATION

SET Cipher MODE

 MO SMS Transfer
MS BSS MSC VLR Interworking SC
MSC
<RACH>
1 CHANNEL REQUEST
DCCH ASSIGN <AGCH>

SIGNALING LINK
ESTABLISHED
<SDCCH> CR
2 REQ. FOR SERVICE
CC

3 AUTHENTICATION
SET Cipher MODE

4 RP_MO_DATA

SIF_MO_SMS
SIF_MO_SMS-Ack
 MO SMS Transfer
MS BSS MSC VLR Interworking SC
MSC
(SC_No.)
5 MO_Forward_SM

Short_Message
Short_Message_Ack

MO_Forward_SM_Ack
 MO SMS Transfer
MS BSS MSC VLR Interworking SC
MSC
(SC_No.)
5 MO_Forward_SM

Short_Message
Short_Message_Ack

MO_Forward_SM_Ack

6 RP_ACK

"Send Successfully" is displayed on the mobile

MT SMS Transfer

For Forwarding a Short

Message

For Forwarding Several

Short Message
MT SMS Transfer (A Message)
Servicing Gateway
MS MSC
VLR HLR MSC SC
1 Short Message
SRI_For_SM
SRI_For_SM_Ack

MT_Forward_SM
MT SMS Transfer (A Message)
Servicing Gateway
MS MSC
VLR HLR MSC SC
1 Short Message
SRI_For_SM
SRI_For_SM_Ack

MT_Forward_SM

2 SIF_MT_SMS
Page
Page
 MT SMS Transfer (A Message)
Servicing Gateway
MS MSC
VLR HLR MSC SC
1 Short Message
SRI_For_SM
SRI_For_SM_Ack

MT_Forward_SM

2 SIF_MT_SMS
Page
Page
3 Paging Response

Authentication and Ciphering

 MT SMS Transfer (A Message)
Servicing Gateway
MS MSC
VLR HLR MSC SC
1 Short Message
SRI_For_SM
SRI_For_SM_Ack

MT_Forward_SM

2 SIF_MT_SMS
Page
Page Request
3 Paging Response

Authentication and Ciphering

4 Short_Message

Short_Message_Ack
MT_Forward_SM_Ack
Short_Message_Ack
MT SMS Transfer (Several Messages)
Servicing Gateway
MS MSC
VLR HLR MSC SC
1 Short Message
SRI_For_SM
SRI_For_SM_Ack

MT_Forward_SM

MT_Forward_SM
(The More message To
Send Flag is True)
MT SMS Transfer (Several Messages)
Servicing Gateway
MS MSC
VLR HLR MSC SC
1 Short Message
SRI_For_SM
SRI_For_SM_Ack

MT_Forward_SM

MT_Forward_SM
(The More message To
Send Flag is True)

2 SIF_MT_SMS
Page
Paging Request
MT SMS Transfer (Several Messages)
Servicing Gateway
MS MSC
VLR HLR MSC SC
1 Short Message
SRI_For_SM
SRI_For_SM_Ack

MT_Forward_SM

MT_Forward_SM
(The More message To
Send Flag is True)

2 SIF_MT_SMS
Page
Paging Request

3 Paging Response

Authentication and Ciphering

MT SMS Transfer (Several Messages)
Servicing Gateway
MS MSC
VLR HLR MSC SC
4 Short_Message

Short_Message_Ack
MT_Forward_SM_Ack
Short_Message_Ack
MT SMS Transfer (Several Messages)
Servicing Gateway
MS MSC
VLR HLR MSC SC
4 Short_Message

Short_Message_Ack
MT_Forward_SM_Ack
Short_Message_Ack

5 Short_Message

MT_Forward_SM

MT_Forward_SM
(The More message To
Send Flag is False)

Short_Message
Short_Message_Ack
MT_Forward_SM_Ack
Short_Message_Ack
 Question

What is the sequence

when the originating
subscriber sets the
wrong SC No. in the
mobile station.
 Answer
MS BSS MSC VLR Interworking SC
MSC
(SC_No.)
MO_Forward_SM

Short_Message
Short_Message_Ack
Illegal Subscriber
MO_Forward_SM_Ack
Illegal Subscriber

RP_ACK

"Send Not Successfully" is displayed on the mobile

Handover Sequence

Inter - BSS handover

sequence
Inter - MSC handover
sequence
 Inter - BSS Handover Sequence
MS oBSS nBSS MSC
<SACCH>
1 Periodic Measurement
reports
 Inter - BSS Handover Sequence
MS oBSS nBSS MSC
<SACCH>
1 Periodic Measurement
reports

2 Handover required
 Inter - BSS Handover Sequence
MS oBSS nBSS MSC
<SACCH>
1 Periodic Measurement
reports

2 Handover required

3 Handover Request TMSI cct. code

 Inter - BSS Handover Sequence
MS oBSS nBSS MSC
<SACCH>
1 Periodic Measurement
reports

2 Handover required

3 Handover Request TMSI cct. code

HO Ref. No.
4 Handover REQ ACK
 Inter - BSS Handover Sequence
MS oBSS nBSS MSC
<SACCH>
1 Periodic Measurement
reports

2 Handover required

3 Handover Request TMSI cct. code

HO Ref. No.
4 Handover REQ ACK
5 Handover Command <FACCH> HO Ref. No.
 Inter - BSS Handover Sequence
MS oBSS nBSS MSC
<SACCH>
1 Periodic Measurement
reports

2 Handover required

3 Handover Request TMSI cct. code

HO Ref. No.
4 Handover REQ ACK
5 Handover Command <FACCH> HO Ref. No.

6 Information Interchange <FACCH>

 Inter - BSS Handover Sequence
MS oBSS nBSS MSC
<SACCH>
1 Periodic Measurement
reports

2 Handover required

3 Handover Request TMSI cct. code

HO Ref. No.
4 Handover REQ ACK
5 Handover Command <FACCH> HO Ref. No.

<FACCH>
6 Information Interchange
7 Handover Complete
 Inter - BSS Handover Sequence
MS oBSS nBSS MSC
<SACCH>
1 Periodic Measurement
reports

2 Handover required

3 Handover Request TMSI cct. code

HO Ref. No.
4 Handover REQ ACK
5 Handover Command <FACCH> HO Ref. No.

<FACCH>
6 Information Interchange
7 Handover Complete
8 Clear Command
 Inter - BSS Handover Sequence
MS oBSS nBSS MSC
<SACCH>
1 Periodic Measurement
reports

2 Handover required

3 Handover Request TMSI cct. code

HO Ref. No.
4 Handover REQ ACK
5 Handover Command <FACCH> HO Ref. No.

<FACCH>
6 Information Interchange
7 Handover Complete
8 Clear Command
<SACCH>
9 Periodic Meas. reports
Inter - MSC Handover Sequence

Basic Inter-MSC handover

Subsequent Inter - MSC

handover
 Basic Inter-MSC handover
MSCA MSCB VLRB
1 PrepareHandover

2 Allocate HandoverNo.

3 Send Handover Report

4 PrepareHandover_Ack

5 Send HO Report_Ack

6 Initial
Address Message

Address Completed

Answer
 Basic Inter-MSC handover
MSCA MSCB VLRB
1 PrepareHandover

2 Allocate HandoverNo.

3 Send Handover Report

4 PrepareHandover_Ack

5 Send HO Report_Ack

6 Initial
Address Message

Address Completed

Answer
 Basic Inter-MSC handover
MSCA MSCB VLRB
1 PrepareHandover

2 Allocate HandoverNo.

3 Send Handover Report

4 PrepareHandover_Ack

5 Send HO Report_Ack

6 Initial
Address Message

Address Completed

Answer
 Basic Inter-MSC handover
MSCA MSCB VLRB
1 PrepareHandover

2 Allocate HandoverNo.

3 Send Handover Report

4 PrepareHandover_Ack

5 Send HO Report_Ack

6 Initial
Address Message

Address Completed

Answer
 Basic Inter-MSC handover
MSCA MSCB VLRB
1 PrepareHandover

2 Allocate HandoverNo.

3 Send Handover Report

4 PrepareHandover_Ack

5 Send HO Report_Ack

6 Initial
Address Message
Address Completed
Answer
 Basic Inter-MSC handover
MSCA MSCB VLRB
1 PrepareHandover

2 Allocate HandoverNo.

3 Send Handover Report

4 PrepareHandover_Ack

5 Send HO Report_Ack

6 Initial
Address Message
Address Completed
Answer
 Basic Inter-MSC handover
MSC/VLRA MSC/VLRB

7 Process Access Signal

Send End Signal
Forward Access Signal

Process Access Signal

8 Clear Forward
Release Guard

Send End Signal_Ack

 Basic Inter-MSC handover
MSC/VLRA MSC/VLRB

7 Process Access Signal

Send End Signal
Forward Access Signal
Process Access Signal

8 Release
Release Complete
Send End Signal_Ack
 Basic Inter-MSC handover

MSC/VLRA MSC/VLRB HLRA

9 SendAuth. Info
Auth Info
Update Location
InsertSubs.Data
InsertSubs.Data_Ack
UpdateLocation_Ack

Cancellocation

Cancellocation_Ack
 Subsequent Inter-MSC handover
MSC/VLRA MSC/VLRB HLRA
1 PrepareSubsequentHOV
PrepareHandover
PrepareHandover
PrepareSubsequentHOV
2 Initial and Final
Address Message
Address Complete
Answer
3 RLS
RLC
 Subsequent Inter-MSC handover
MSC/VLRA MSC/VLRB HLRA
1 PrepareSubsequentHOV
PrepareHandover
PrepareHandover
PrepareSubsequentHOV
2 Initial and Final
Address Message
Address Complete
Answer
3 RLS
RLC
Subsequent Inter-MSC handover
MSC/VLRA MSC/VLRB HLRA
1 PrepareSubsequentHOV
PrepareHandover
PrepareHandover
PrepareSubsequentHOV
2 Initial and Final
Address Message
Address Complete
Answer
3 RLS
RLC
Subsequent Inter-MSC handover
MSC/VLRA MSC/VLRB MSC/VLRC

4 ProcessAccessSignal
ForwardAccessSignal

5 RLS

RLC
6 SendEndSignal

SendEndSignal_Ack

7 Location Update
Subsequent Inter-MSC handover

MSC/VLRA MSC/VLRB MSC/VLRC

4 ForwardAccessSignal

ProcessAccessSignal
5 RLS

RLC

6 SendEndSignal

SendEndSignal_Ack

7 Location Update
Subsequent Inter-MSC handover
MSC/VLRA MSC/VLRB MSC/VLRC

4 ForwardAccessSignal

ProcessAccessSignal
5 RLS

RLC

6 SendEndSignal
SendEndSignal_Ack

7 Location Update
Subsequent Inter-MSC handover
MSC/VLRA MSC/VLRB MSC/VLRC

4 ForwardAccessSignal

ProcessAccessSignal
5 RLS

RLC
6 SendEndSignal

SendEndSignal_Ack

7 Location Update
 Summary

1. GSM Security Mangement

2. GSM Basic Call Sequence

3. Location UpdateSequence

4. SMS Sequence

5. HandoverSequence