THE MOLE CONCEPT

1
 OBJECTIVES:
 Define mole and calculate for the
number of moles of given compounds.
 Differentiate molecular unit from
formula unit and compute for the
molecular mass.
 Relate the mole concept to Avogadro’s
number.
Collection Terms
A collection term states a specific number of items.
1 dozen donuts = 12 donuts
1 ream of paper = 500 sheets
1 case = 24 cans

3
10.1 The Mole: A Measure-
ment of Matter > Measuring Matter

Chemistry is a quantitative science.

• you perform calculations that relate quantities of the
reactants in a chemical reaction to quantities of the
products.
pair
Six case
pack
gross
dozen ream

4
10.1 The Mole: A Measure-
ment of Matter > Measuring Matter

Each of these different ways to measure

apples can be equated to a dozen apples.
• By count: 1 dozen apples = 12 apples
• By mass: 1 dozen apples = 2.0 kg apples
• By volume: 1 dozen apples = 0.20 bushel apples
These are approximations for average-sized apples.

5 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

.
10.1 The Mole: A Measure-
ment of Matter >
Sample Problem 10.1

Finding Mass from a Count

What is the mass of 90

average-sized apples if 1
dozen of the apples has a
mass of 2.0 kg?

6 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

.
10.1 The Mole: A Measure-
ment of Matter > Sample Problem 10.1

1 Analyze List the knowns and the unknown.

Use dimensional analysis to convert the number of apples

to the mass of 90 apples.

KNOWNS
number of apples = 90 apples
Conversion factors
12 apples = 1 dozen apples
1 dozen apples = 2.0 kg apples
UNKNOWN
mass of 90 apples = ? kg
7 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
.
10.1 The Mole: A Measure-
ment of Matter > Sample Problem 10.1

2 Calculate Solve for the unknown.

Multiply the known by conversion factors.
The conversion factor used should cancel the previous unit

90 apples × 1 dozen apples 2.0 kg apples

× = 15 kg apples
1 12 apples 1 dozen apples

The unit The unit “dozen

“apples” apples” cancels
cancels the the previous
previous unit unit

8 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

.
10.1 The Mole: A Measure-
ment of Matter >
If 0.20 bushel is 1 dozen apples and a dozen
apples has a mass of 2.0 kg, what is the mass
of 0.56 bushel apples?
KNOWNS
volume of apples = 0.56 bushel apples
Conversion factors
12 apples = 1 dozen apples
1 dozen apples = 2.0 kg apples
0.20 bushel = 1 dozen apples
UNKNOWN
mass of 0.56 bushel apples = ? kg
9 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
.
10.1 The Mole: A Measure-
ment of Matter >
If 0.20 bushel is 1 dozen apples and a dozen
apples has a mass of 2.0 kg, what is the mass
of 0.56 bushel apples?

0.56 bushel 1 dozen 2.0 kg = 5.6 kg

1 0.20 bushel 1 dozen

10 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

.
10.1 The Mole: A Measure-
ment of Matter > COPY THIS

Assume 2.0 kg of apples is 1 dozen and that

each apple has 8 seeds. How many apple
seeds are in 14 kg of apples?

Known – 14 kg apples
Conversion factors:
2.0 kg apples = 1 dozen
1 apple = 8 seeds
Unknown: seeds?
11 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
.
10.1 The Mole: A Measure-
ment of Matter >
Assume 2.0 kg of apples is 1 dozen and that each apple has
8 seeds. How many apple seeds are in 14 kg of apples?

14 kg 1 dozen 12 apples 8 seeds

= 672 seeds
1 2.0 kg 1 dozen 1 apple

12 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

.
A Mole of Particles
A mole (mol) is a collection that contains
The same number of particles as there are
carbon atoms in 12.01 g of carbon.
6.022 x 1023 atoms of an element (Avogadro’s
number).
1 mol C = 6.022 x 1023 C atoms
1 mol CO2 = 6.022 x 1023 CO2 molecules
1 mol NaCl = 6.022 x 1023 NaCl formula units

13
 Samples of One Mole
Quantities

Table 6.1

Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

14
 Using Avogadro’s Number
Avogadro’s number
Converts moles of a substance to
the number of particles.
Converts particles of a substance to
moles.

Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

15
Subscripts and Moles
The subscripts in a formula state
The relationship of atoms in the formula.
The moles of each element in 1 mol of
compound.
Glucose
C6H12O6

In 1 molecule: 6 atoms C 12 atoms H 6 atoms O

In 1 mol: 6 mol C 12 mol H 6 mol O

16
 Subscripts State Atoms and
Moles

Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

1 mol C9H8O4 = 9 mol C 8 mol H 4 mol O

17
 Learning Check
A. How many moles O are in 0.150 mol aspirin
C9H8O4?

B. How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin

C9H8O4?

18
 Solution
A. How many mol O are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?
0.150 mol C9H8O4 x 4 mol O = 0.600 mol O
1 mol C9H8O4
subscript factor
B. How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?

0.150 mol C9H8O4 x 4 mol O x 6.022 x 1023 O atoms

1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol O
subscript Avogadro’s
factor Number
= 3.61 x 1023 O atoms
19
Learning Check

How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?

20
Solution
How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?

0.150 mol C9H8O4 x 4 mol O x 6.022 x 1023 O atoms

1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol O
subscript Avogadro’s
factor number

= 3.61 x 1023 O atoms

21
22
23
24
MOLAR MASS

25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34