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INTRODUCTION:
NOW, FOR THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY, LET
US LOOK INTO THE IMPORTANCE OF
INTELLIGENCE AS VISUALIZED BY SUN TZU, A
CHINESE MILITARY PHILOSOPHER AND
THINKER. HE SAID: “IF YOU KNOW THE
ENEMY AND KNOW YOURSELF, YOU NEED
NOT FEAR THE RESULT OF A HUNDRED
BATTLES. IF YOU KNOW YOURSELF BUT NOT
THE ENEMY, FOR EVERY VICTORY GAINED
YOU WILL ALSO SUFFER A DEFEAT. IT YOU
KNOW NEITHER THE ENEMY NOR YOURSELF,
YOU WILL SUCCUMB IN EVERY BATTLE.”
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DEFINITION OF TERMS:

INTELLIGENCE - KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED BY THE

COLLECTION, EVALUATION, ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION AND
INTERPRETATION OF ALL AVAILABLE INFORMATION
CONCERNING AN ENEMY, WHETHER ACTUAL OR
POTENTIAL.

COUNTER-INTELLIGENCE - ALL ACTIVE AND PASSIVE

MEASURES TAKEN TO ENSURE THE SAFEGUARDING OF
INFORMATION, PERSONNEL AND MATERIALS FROM
ESPIONAGE, SUBVERSION AND SABOTAGE.
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INTELLIGENCE CYCLE - IT IS A
CONTINUOUS PROCESS. IT IS A REPETITION
OF WHAT HAS TRANSPIRED OR BECOME
KNOWN. THEREFORE, THERE IS NO FIRST
NOR LAST PHASE – HENCE A CYCLE.
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III. 4 PHASES IN THE INTEL
CYCLE:
A. PLANNING OR DIRECTION OF
THE COLLECTION EFFORT

B. COLLECTION OF INFORMATION

C. PROCESSING OR PRODUCTION
OF INTEL

D. DISSEMINATION & USE OF THE

RESULTING INTELLIGENCE
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A. PLANNING OR DIRECTION
THE COLLECTION EFFORT

.
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1. DETERMINING THE INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS-

GUIDELINES/CONSIDERATION

a. ENEMY CAPABILITIES - THESE REFER TO ENEMY

STRENGTHS WHICH WOULD AFFECT THE ACCOMPLISHMENT
OF THE MISSION.
b. ENEMY VULNERABILITIES - THESE REFER TO ENEMY
WEAKNESSES OR THAT WHICH RENDER THE ENEMY TO
DAMAGE, DECEPTION AND DEFEAT.
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c. WEATHER AND TERRAIN - WEATHER

INFORMATION MAY BE REQUIRED TO DETERMINE
ITS EFFECT ON THE ENEMY AND THE TERRAIN.
TERRAIN DATA INCLUDES CROSS-COUNTRY
TRAFFIC ABILITY, OBSTACLES, ROADS AND RAIL
CONDITIONS AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FLOODING.

d. ORDER OF BATTLE - WHEN THE ENEMY

SITUATION IS VAGUE, AND FOR PURPOSES OF
LONG RANGE PLANNING, ORDER
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e. NEXT MAJOR DECISION - FUTURE OPERATIONS
ARE CONSIDERED. IF THE INTELLIGENCE DOES NOT
PLAN AHEAD, THE COMMANDER, WILL FIND HIMSELF
READY TO CONTINUE THE WORK /ATTACK, BUT THE
INFORMATION OF INTELLIGENCE NEEDED.

f. PREVENTING SURPRISE OF THE COMMAND -

REQUIRED IN ORDER TO AVOID TACTICAL SURPRISE.

g. INFORMATION NEEDS OF HIGHER OR ADJACENT

UNITS - EACH LEVEL OF COMMAND WILL NORMALLY
BE ASSIGNED COLLECTION MISSION BY HIGHER,
LOWER & ADJACENT HEADQUARTERS.
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2. DETERMINING THE INTELLIGENCE PRIORITIES. THERE ARE

TWO REQUIREMENT PRIORITIES NAMELY:

a) ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION (EEIS)

1. COMMANDER’S HIGHEST PRIORITY REQUIREMENTS
2. OBTAINED ITEMS OF INFORMATION AND OR
INTELLIGENCE NEEDED BY THE COMMANDER IN MAKING A
DECISION WITH AN ACCEPTABLE DEGREE OF CONFIDENCE.
3. INFORMATION ABOUT THE ENEMY AND THE AOO
THAT THE COMMANDER MUST HAVE TO ARRIVE AT A
REASONABLY SOUND DECISION DURING A PARTICULAR
PHASE OF AN OPERATION. 
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b) OTHER INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS (OIRS)
-INFO NEEDED BY THE CMDR BUT ARE NOT HIS
HIGHEST PRIORITY.
1. COLLECTION WORKSHEET - EITHER WRITTEN OR
ORAL, WHEREBY AN INTELLIGENCE OFFICER TAKES THE
INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS AS ANNOUNCED BY THE
COMMANDER.

2) COLLECTION AGENCY - IT IS AN INDIVIDUAL OR

UNIT WHICH SYSTEMATICALLY EXPLOITS THE SOURCE
OF INFORMATION IN ORDER TO GAIN THE DESIRED
INFORMATION.
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CATEGORIES OF COLLECTION AGENCIES:

1) INTELLIGENCE SPECIALISTS - INDIVIDUALS TRAINED IN THE
SPECIALIZED ASPECTS OF INTELLIGENCE. ORGANIC TO THE MILITARY
ORGZN.
EX: OB SPECIALIST; INTERROGATORS; PHOTO INTERPRETERS

2) TROOPS - SOLDIERS AND THEIR UNITS

EX: BATTALION; DIV CORPS; FIELD ARMY

3) SPECIAL UNITS - UNITS DEALING IN THE COLLECTION OF INFORMATION

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B. COLLECTION OF INFORMATION
1.DEFINITION- THE SYSTEMATIC EXTRACTION
OF THE INFORMATION FROM SOURCE.

2. PRIMARY CONSIDERATION:
a. SOURCE OF INFORMATION - THE
ACTUAL ORIGIN OF THE INFORMATION.
(PERSON, THINGS, DETECTABLE ENEMY
ACTIVITY)
b. COLLECTION AGENCIES - THIS TOPIC
HAS BEEN DISCUSSED UNDER PLANNING
COLLECTION EFFORT.
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C. PROCESSING OR PRODUCTION OR INFO INTO
INTELLIGENCE
1. DENINITION: INFORMATION IS RECORDED,
EVALUATED AND INTERPRETED, THE END RESULT
OF WHICH BECOMES INTELLIGENCE.
2. THREE (3) PARTS OF PROCESSING:
a) RECORDING - MECHANICAL PROCESS
WHEREBY ALL COLLECTED INFORMATION
RECOGNIZED IN A READY USABLE FORM.
- REDUCES ALL AVAILABLE INFO, MAKING
INTERPRETATION EASIER AND MORE
ACCURATE.
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TOOLS USED IN RECORDING:

A. INTELLIGENCE JOURNAL
B. INTELLIGENCE WORKSHEET
C. ENEMY SITUATION MAP
D. INTELLIGENCE FILES

b) EVALUATION - THE EXAMINATION OF INFORMATION TO

DETERMINE ITS PERTINENCE OR VALUE IN THE PRODUCTION
OF INTELLIGENCE, THE RELIABILITY OF ITS SOURCE OR
AGENCY AND, ITS CREDIBILITY OR ACCURACY.
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EVALUATION RATING
RELIABILITY OF SOURCE AND AGENCY PROBABLE ACCURACY
A - COMPLETELY RELIABLE 1 - CONFIRMED
B - USUALLY RELIABLE 2 - PROBABLY TRUE
C - FAIRLY RELIABLE 3 - POSSIBLY TRUE
D - NOT USUALLY RELIABLE 4 - DOUBTFULLY RELIABLE
E - UNRELIABLE 5 - IMPROBABLE
F - JUDGE 6 - TRUTH CANNOT BE JUDGE
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c. INTERPRETATION - DETERMINING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF

INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO INFORMATION AND
INTELLIGENCE ALREADY AT HAND AND THE DRAWING OF
CONCLUSIONS AS TO THE PROBABLE MEANING OF THE
EVALUATED INFORMATION.

THREE (3) COMPONENTS OF INTERPRETATION:

1. ANALYSIS - THE EXAMINATION OF INFORMATION WITH
SELECTED EMPHASIS IN THE LIGHT OF WHAT HAS BEEN
PREVIOUSLY KNOWN.
- TAKING APART AN INFORMATION TO CRITICALLY
EXAMINE EACH COMPONENT
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2. INTEGRATION - THE COMBINING OF

SELECTED DATA TO FORM A PATTERN WHICH
WILL HAVE MEANING AND ESTABLISH A BASIS
FOR DEDUCTION OR CONCLUSION.

3. DEDUCTION - IS SIMPLY THE FORMATION OF

CONCLUSION CONCERNING THE EFFECT OF THE
EVALUATED INFORMATION ON THE CURRENT
SITUATION.
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D. DISSEMINATION AND USE OF INTELLIGENCE

1. DEFINITION - THE PROCESS OF TRANSMITTING

INFORMATION AND INTELLIGENCE TO HIGHER, LOWER,
AND ADJACENT UNITS FOR THE POSSIBLE USE.

2. CRITERIA OR CONSIDERATION IN
DISSEMINATION:
a. TIMELINESS - FOR DISSEMINATION TO BE TIMELY
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b. PROPRIETY - FOR INFORMATION AND

INTELLIGENCE TO BE DISSEMINATED PROPERLY,
THEY MUST BE:
1) SENT TO THE CORRECT ULTIMATE USERS.
2) PRESENTED IN A FORM THAT LENDS ITSELF
FOR IMMEDIATE USE
3) DISTRIBUTED THROUGH THE MOST EFFECTIVE
MEANS OF COMMUNICATIONS APPROPRIATE TO BOTH
TIME AND SECURING REQUIREMENTS.
4) ADEQUATE AND ACCURATE.
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3. METHODS OF DISSEMINATION:

a) BY PERSONAL CONTACTS, WHICH INCLUDE

STAFF VISITS, TELEPHONE CALLS AND
CONFERENCES.
b. BY MESSAGES WHICH INCLUDE SPOT REPORT.
c. BY INTELLIGENCE DOCUMENTS, WHICH
INCLUDE INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATES, INTELLIGENCE
SUMMARY, PERIODIC INTELLIGENCE REPORTS,
INTELLIGENCE ANNEX TO AN OPERATION ORDER,
AND TACTICAL STUDY OF WEATHER AND TERRAIN.
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END OF PRESENTATION