two-couple orthodontic appliance

systems: activations in the transverse

dimension
symmetrical v-bends
molar mesial-out rotations
molar mesial-in rotations
asymmetrical v bends
molar mesial-out rotations
molar mesial-in rotations
molar constriction
molar expansion
step bends
step bend for molar expansion
step bend for molar constriction
two-couple orthodontic appliance systems:
transpalatal arches
forming a passive TPA
bilateral expansion/constriction
symmetrical v-bends bilateral first-order
activations (mesiofacial rotations)
bilateral first-order activations
(mesiolingual rotations)
bilateral second-order activations
(mesiodistal tipping)
bilateral third-order activations (facial root
torque)
asymmetrical v-bends unilateral first-order
activations (mesiofacial rotation)
unilateral first-order activations
(mesiolingual rotation)
unilateral third-order activations (facial
root torque)
first-order step bend activations
third-order step bend activations