FRACTURE

Prepared By:
Canuto, Sherrie D.
Comising, Kaycee T.
Fracture
It is the disruption in the continuity of bone. It occurs when
the bone is subjected to stress greater than the bone can
absorb. It is caused by direct blows, crushing forces,
extreme muscle contraction and sudden twisting motion,
when it occurs, nearby structure is also affected result in
soft tissue edema, hemorrhage into the muscle and joints,
joint dislocation, ruptured tendons, severe nerve and
damaged blood vessels.
Two Classification of Fracture
OPEN OR COMPOUND FRACTURE
• An injury where the fractured
bone or fracture hematoma are
exposed to the external
environment via a traumatic
violation of the soft tissue and
skin.

CLOSE OR SIMPLE FRACTURE

•A broken bone that does not
penetrate the skin
 10 TYPES OF FRACTURE
2. COMMINUTED FRACTURE
1. AVULSION FRACTURE
• A muscle or ligament pulls on the bone. • An impact shatters the bone into
• Occurs when a small chunk of bone many pieces.
attached to a tendon or ligament gets
pulled away..
3. COMPRESSION OR CRUSH 4. GREENSTICK FRACTURE
FRACTURE • The bone partly fractures on one
• This generally occurs in the spongy side but does not break
bone in the spine. completely, beacuse the rest of the
• Small breaks or cracks in the bone may impact another bone.
vertebrate.
5. HAIRLINE FRACTURE 6. IMPACTED FRACTURE
• This is a thin, partial fracture of the • When a bone fractures, a piece of
bone. the bone may impact another
bone.
7. INTRA-ARTICULAR FRACTURE
• This occurs when a fracture extends along
the length of the bone and crosses a joint
surface.
• It involves some cartilage damage.
8. OBLIQUE FRACTURE
• One that occurs opposite to a bone’s
long axis.
• Usually caused by landing on your bone
at an angle after a fall or when your
bone is hit suddenly from an angle like
car accident.
9. PATHOLOGICAL FRACTURE
• Broken bone that is caused by a
disease.
• This occurs when an underlying
condition weakens the bone and causes
a fracture.
10. SPIRAL FRACTURE
• A serious injury that carry the risk
of complications
• It happens when one of your bone
is broken with a twisting motion.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
• Pain at or near the site of the injury
• Difficult or impossible to move
normally
• Loss of power
• Deformity or abnormal mobility
• Tenderness
• Swelling
• Discolouration and bruising
 FIRST AID MEASURES OF FRACTURE
• Follow DOTS action plan
• Control any bleeding and cover any wounds
• Check for fractures- open, closed or complicated
• Ask patient to remain as still as possible
• Immobilize fracture
> Use broad bandages (where possible) to prevent movement at joints above and
below the fracture.
> Support the limb, carefully passing bandages under the natural hollows of the body
> Place a padded splint along the injured limb
> Place padding between the splint and the natural contours of the body and secure firmly
> For leg fracture, immobilize foot and ankle
> Check the bandages are not too high (or too loose) every 15 minutes.
• Watch for signs of circulation loss to hands and feet
• Ensure an ambulance has been called - 911
 Thank you
for listening!