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IDENTIFICATION
Akrum Hamdy
Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Bird Anatomy
• Classifying Birds
• Bird Species
Introduction
There are many groups of wild birds,
including waterfowl, shorebirds,
raptors, and pest and nuisance birds.
Many fall into another group called
inland birds.
These are species that do not prefer
a wetland habitat.
Some are game birds and some are
songbirds.
This lesson will provide a basis for
identifying and naming birds, a
system of taxonomy.
Bird Anatomy
Birds are warm-blooded and can
regulate body temperature; that is,
they are homiothermous.
They give birth by
laying eggs and care
for their young after
hatching.
Photo by Erwin Cole courtesy of USDA Online Photography Center.
Birds are able to fly for the following
reasons:
• No teeth or heavy jaws;
• Reduced skeleton – fewer bones;
• Hollow bones;
• Shorter intestine;
• No urinary bladder;
• Air spaces in the bones and body
cavity; and
• Positioning of major muscles and
body organs toward the center of
the body.
Ornithology is the study of birds,
which is largely based on form and
structure of birds.
Field guides aid in identification,
which relies on an understanding of
feather arrangement and color.
Birds have different shapes of wings,
tails, bills, and feet.
Birds can belong to pure communities,
which have birds that are almost all of
the same species.
Birds can also be part of an ecotone,
which is a place where two or more
ecosystems meet.
Some species will not leave a pure
community.
Others adapt well to the more diverse
habitat of an ecotone.
The parts of a
bird’s exterior
are mapped out
as topography.
The areas are
keys to
identifying the
different species.
Surface of Wing
Upper Under
Pigment can be a result from the
food the bird eats.
Physical properties and feather
structure also create colors.
Light reflecting off feathers creates
an iridescent color.
Birders look for filed marks such as
streaking on a bird’s side, head
color, or bill shape.
Classifying Birds
IMS Photo
Scaled Quail (Blue Quail)
Callipepla squamata
IMS Photo
Pheasant
Phasianus colchicus
and roadrunners.
Birds in this family are
slender-bodied and have
a long tail.
Their feet have two toes
that are forward and two
toes that are backward. Photo courtesy of U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service.
Roadrunner
Geococcyx californianus
The mockingbird
is an excellent
mimic and is the
official state bird
of Texas.