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EN5252 - Industrial Wastewater Pollution-

Prevention and control

VANADIUM

Submitted by,
Alagappan SP
2021216038
M.E. Environmental Management
CONTENTS : 2

 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

 EFFLUENT STANDARDS

 SOURCES

 BENEFITS OF VANADIUM & HEALTH EFFECTS

 TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

 REFERENCES
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES :
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Symbol : V
Atomic Number : 23
Position in periodic table : Transition metals
Appearance : Shiny bluish grey coloured , malleable metal , it is stable against alkalis and sulfuric and
hydrochloric acids.

Source : chemistrylearner.com Source : chemistrylearner.com

 Vanadium ore is found in the form of Vanadium pentoxide.
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 Valence of (V) in natural environments ranges from -1 to +5
 V(+4) and V(+5) are most probable states in natural water and waste water.
 Twelve V(V) species can coexist in
Vanadium
solution.

Cation Neutral Anionic

V10O26(OH)24-
VO2 +
VO(OH)3
V10O27(OH)26-
V10O286-
VO2(OH)2-
VO3(OH)2-
VO43-
V2O6(OH)3-
V2O74-
V2O74-
V3O93-
Effluent Standards
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As per Schedule VI of The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986

Inland Surface Land for Marine Coastal

Public Sewer
Water irrigation Areas

0.2 mg/l 0.2 mg/l - 0.2 mg/l

SOURCES :
 Steel manufacturing Industry (smelting process)
 Used as a catalyst in inorganic chemical manufacturing industry.
 Glass and Ceramic Industry (used in coating for blocking infrared radiation).
 Battery and energy storage devices manufacturing .
BENEFITS OF VANADIUM & HEALTH EFFECTS:
This metal is also useful for our body. As per Institute of Medicine (IOM) Standing Committee on 6
the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board,
 Average person consumes = 0.01 mg - 2 mg per day
 Also used in chemotheraphy treatment for cancer.
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA : As per The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
For ferrovanadium dust is 500 mg/m3 within 30 minutes is toxic in nature.

On humans following are the health effects,

 Loss in white blood cells which leads to anemia.
 Sudden drop in blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia).
 Irritation of mucous membranes and the upper respiratory tract.
 Inflammation of stomach and intestines.
 Nose bleeding and internal bleeding.
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY :
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 Adsorption- silica, biosorbents like Chitosan, Ferric oxide - hydroxide activated carbon nanocomposite.

 Microbiological treatment - Metal-reducing bacteria such as Geobacter metallireducens and Shewanella

oneidensis could grow using V(V) as the only electron acceptor.

 Photocatalysis reduction - TiO2 has been widely used in the remediation of pollutants in natural water because

of it’s excellent optical and electronic properties .The photocatalytic reduction of V(V) to V(IV) . The resultant

V(IV) can be easily precipitated and separated by controlled precipitation.

REFERENCES:
 Schedule VI of The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 8
 Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology Database (IWTT) , USEPA
https://watersgeo.epa.gov/iwtt/guided-search
 https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/
 “Recent advances in removal techniques of vanadium from water: A comprehensive review” Jianing Liu , Yi
Huang , Hanyu Li , Haoran Duan, Chemosphere - Volume 287, Part 1, January 2022.
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to
Environmental Chemicals. Updated Tables, 2012. [online] URL: https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/.
 Institute of Medicine (IOM). Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes,
Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium,
copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc: a report of the Panel on
Micronutrients. Washington, (DC): National Academy Press; 2001. pp 420-441.
http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10026&page=420