BIOMECHANICAL

PREPARATIONS

BY NANDANI KUMARI
The major biologic aim of root
canal therapy is to address
apical periodontitis by
disinfection and subsequent
sealing of root canal systems
by shaping and cleaning of
root canal.
 BASIC
OBJECTIVES
 BRIEF HISTORY

 In 1852 Arthur used small files for root canal enlargement

 Ingle and Levine (1958) listed standardization for
instruments.
 Ingle described conventional technique/ standardized taper
technique of root canal preparation.
 Almost 50 years ago, Schilder introduced the concept (and
the expression phrase) “ cleaning and shaping .”
 Cleaning comprises the removal of all potentially
pathogenic contents of root canal system.
 Shaping is the establishment of specifically shaped cavity
which performs the dual role of
- three-dimensional access into canal
- creating an apical preparation which will permit the final
obturation instruments to fit easily
 SHAPING OF ROOT CANALS

 Shaping process of the root canal can be classified into five

phases ;
Phase I : Negotiating the canal – “patency filling”
Phase II : Coronal pre-enlargement
Phase III : Working length measurement
Phase IV: Root canal shaping techniques
Phase V : Root canal working width
 HERBERT SCHILDER’S

MECHANICAL OBJECTIVES:
 Develop a continuously tapering conical conical form in
the root canal preparation.
 Make the canal narrower apically , with the narrowest
cross-sectional diameter at its terminus.
 Make the preparation in multiple planes .
 Never transport the foramen .
 Keep the apical foramen as small as is practical .
 BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES :
 Procedure should be confines to the root canal space
 All infected pulp tissue , bacteria and their by products
should be removed from the root canal
 Necrotic debris should not be forced periapically
 Sufficient space for intracanal medicament and irrigants
should be created.
 CLINICAL OBJECTIVES
 Removal of overlaying dentine causes smooth internal walls
and provide straight line access to root canals .
 After obturation there should be complete sealing of the pulp
chamber and access cavity to prevent microleakage.
 Tooth should be restored with permanent restoration to
maintain its form , function and esthetics and patient should
be recalled on regular basis for evaluation .