MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF SCIENCE ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND IT

TITLE: AN ARDUINO BASED SMART DIGITAL FLUSHABLE TOILET FOR EFFICIENT

WATER MANAGEMENT AND ENHANCED HYGIENE IN ZAMBIA

Presented By: Kabaso Boucker Winston

Student ID: 201701727
Programme: BSc CS IVS
Supervisor: Dr Zimba Aaron
PhDIV
 Introduction
INTRODUCTION

• The proposed system is an embedded system that enables the

toilet to flush automatically
• Provides a mechanism for distinguishing amount of water for
stool and/or urine
• The facility allows sanitizing the toilet seat before use hence
reducing on infectious diseases
• There is no use of hands when lifting or lowering the lid even
when flushing
• The system shall save water for other uses and money on
monthly bills shall be reduced
 Introduction
PROBLEM STATEMENT

• No proper use of water as the same volume is used

for stool and/or urine during flushing

‍♂
🤷🏽‍ • Lack of sanitizing the toilet seat may harbor gems
hence being source of infectious diseases as some
people tend to urinate on the seat and sometimes
do not even flush
 Introduction
AIM

This project aims to develop a toilet system that flushes urine and/or stool electronically with an appropriate
amount of water and ensures sanitization of the seat.
 Introduction
OBJECTIVES

To acquire a set of To ensure an appropriate

Arduino components amount of water is used
for urine compared to
stool during flushing
To construct a minute
toilet for demonstration 1
and implementation
33 To ensure sanitization of
the toilet seat before use
To install and facilitate
interoperation of smart
components
2 To ensure the system
flushes automatically

PROJECT SCOPE
Water Management
 Construct a reasonably small toilet to
mimic the actual
 Use of Arduino microcontroller and its
related components
 Focus on distinguishing water usage
during flushing of stool and /or urine
Introduction
Enhanced Hygiene
 Sanitizing of the toilet seat to reduce on
germ accumulation before next user
 Sanitizing shall be done before lid is
opened or after it is closed
 To avoid any hand contact during
flushing and sanitization switches shall
not be triggered by hand
 Introduction
PROJECT JUSTIFICATION

• Reduction in monthly water bills

• Distinguishing flush volume for urine and/or stool enables
efficient management of water at household and public places
• Enhanced hygiene as no use of hands to lift or lower the lid even
during flushing
• Toilet seat sanitization means reduction on infectious diseases
due to harbored of gems
 Literature
REVIEW OF EXISTING SYSTEMS Review

 Author/Invertor Name Operation Seat Flush Buttons Different Water volume Flushes after Lid Platform
Type Sanitizing (sensor/foot/hand) between urine and stool closes

Yu-Hsing Automatic Lid-lifting and Electrically No By hand - Yes -

Flushing Device for water
closet

Sujeetha Toilet Management system Embedded No By hand × × Arduino

using IoT

Wiseman Adjustable and Automatic Flush - No - Yes - -

toilet

Dilworth D. Digital Electronic Volume/Flow Electronic No By hand × - -

Sanderson control sensor toilet

Parimal,B; Smart Toilet for Automatic Mechanical No By foot × - -

Barua,H Flushing
An Arduino Based Smart Embedded Yes By foot Yes Yes Arduino
Digital Flushable Toilet for
 Research
SELECTED METHODOLOGY Methodology

Software development methodology is a set of rules and guidelines that are used in the process of
researching, planning, designing, developing, testing, setup and maintaining a software product, this
includes core values that are upheld by the project team and tools used in planning, development and
implementation process (Moniruzzaman & Hossain, 2013).

Iterative & Incremental Spiral

 Research Methodology
TECHNOLOGIES AND FRAMEWORKS TO BE
USED
C Programming Arduino IDE
Language
Software shall be written in C Is the framework on which the code shall be
written from

Arduino Hardware &

Components
Is the framework on which the code shall be written
Visual Paradigm from
This will be used for the design
 RISK REGISTER Project Management

SN Risk Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Result Risk Risk Response

(1, 2 ,3) Owner
    Probability Impact Score      
(a) (b) (a*b)
1 2 2 4 Medium
Ambiguity in Developer Remove any ambiguity in
Requirements requirements and ensure they
are clear

2 Loss of data 2 3 6 High

Developer Make use of cloud storage
and version control for Data
backup

3 1 3 3 Low Follow the Gantt Chart and its

Failure to complete system Developer
schedule for consistency
on time

4 Failure to 2 3 6 High
Developer Choose technologies that are
implement one or
more Key modules easy to use for the
of the system
development of the system
5 Unrealistic duration 2 2 4 Medium
Developer Monitor the progress of the
estimates
project regularly and realign
task durations
6 Budget constraints 2 2 4 Medium
Developer Have contingency funds or
reduce on items to be
purchased
 Project Management
BUDGET

Expenditure Type Amount (K)

Project Budget 42 860

Iterative and Incremental Model
budget 43 000
Spiral Model budget 45 000
Report writing and Presentation
8 000
Total 138 860

Proposed project Incremental budget Spiral budget

 Project Management
GANTT CHART FOR
PROPOSAL

Gantt 1 Gantt 2 Gantt 3 Gantt 4

 CONCLUSION

The current systems do not distinguish flush water volume

for stool and/or urine
The current systems do not sanitize the toilet seat
The proposed system shall be developed in order to
distinguish amount of water for stool and/or urine hence
efficient management of water.
It shall ensure sanitization of the toilet seat thereby
enhancing hygiene as gems are reduced on the seat
The proposed system shall be developed using Arduino
and C programming language
 REFERNCES

1. Moniruzzaman, A. B. M., & Hossain, D. S. A. (2013). Comparative Study on Agile software development methodologies. V(3), 37–
56. http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.3356

2. Ruparelia, N. B. (2010). Software development lifecycle models. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, 35(3), 8–13.
https://doi.org/10.1145/1764810.1764814

3. Srinivasan, J., Dobrin, R., & Lundqvist, K. (2009). “State of the art” in using agile methods for embedded systems development.
Proceedings - International Computer Software and Applications Conference, 2, 522–527.
https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSAC.2009.186

4. Boonyakan, K., Heamra, N., & Changkamanon, A. (2018). Water efficient toilet: Setting a suitable automatic flushing duration. 3rd
International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology, ICDAMT 2018, 143–146.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDAMT.2018.8376512

5. Barker, J., & Jones, M. V. (2005). The potential spread of infection caused by aerosol contamination of surfaces after flushing a
domestic toilet. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 99(2), 339–347. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02610.x
THANK YOU
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