ELECTION AND

REPRESENTATION
 INTRODUCTION
• ELECTION HAVE TODAY BECOME THE MOST VISIBLE SYMBOL OF THE DEMOCRATIC
PROCESS.

• DIRECT DEMOCRACY IS ONE WHERE THE CITIZENS DIRECTLY PARTICIPATE THE DAY- TO
DAY DECISION MAKING & IN RUNNING/ ADMINISTERING THE GOVT.

• RULE BY PEOPLE MEANS RULE BY PEOPLE’S REPRESENTATIVES.

• WHEN ELECTIONS ARE CONDUCTED FREE AND FAIR WAY, IT IS CALLED DEMOCRATIC.

• THERFORE, DEMOCRATIC COUNTRY LAYS DOWN SOME BASIC RULES ABOUT ELECTIONS.

• SYSTEM OF CONDUCTING ELECTIONS WILL HAVE DO’S AND DON’T’S.

PANCHAYAT : PRESIDENT

MUNICIPALITY: CHAIRMAN

CORPORATION: MAYOR
 POPULATION DENSITY
 PANCHAYAT: A LOCAL BODY INSTITUTION
IN RURAL AREAS.
WARD MEMBERS PANCHAYAT
PRESIDENT
 NAGAR PANCHAYAT: AN AREA IN
TRANSITION FROM RURAL AREA TO URBAN
AREA
 MUNICIPALITY: SMALLER URBAN AREA -
SMALL TOWNS (e.g. MUKKAM)
COUNCELLORS CHAIRMAN
CORPORATION MUNCIPALITY PANCHAYAT
 CORPORATION : BIGGER URBAN AREA-
CITIES
 PANCHAYA
T
PRESIDENT
/
CHAIRMAN
/ MAYOR
WARD MEMBERS/ COUNCELLORS

CANDIDATES FROM DIFFERENT PARTIES


LOCAL BODY INSTITUTION
• AGE – 21 YEARS
• A CANDIDATE MUST BE A
REGISTERED VOTER IN THE
ELECTORAL ROLL OF THAT LOCAL
BODY
• A CANDIDATE SHOULD NOT HOLD
ANY OFFICE OF PROFIT UNDER THE
GOVT.
QUALIFICATIONS
STATE ELECTION : MLA / MP
• AGE – 25 YEARS
• A CANDIDATE MUST BE A
REGISTERED VOTER IN THE
ELECTORAL ROLL OF THAT LOCAL
BODY
• A CANDIDATE SHOULD NOT HOLD
ANY OFFICE OF PROFIT UNDER THE
GOVT.
 PANCHAYAT
ELECTION ELECTION CHARTS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 CONSTITUENCY - MLA MP CONSTITUENCIES
(LS)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
 DISTRIBUTION OF POWER

• PANCHAYAT MORE THAN 1000 LOCAL BODY INSTITUTION EXISTS

PANCHAYAT --- BLOCK PANCHAYAT--- DISTRICT PANCHAYAT

• STATE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES - 140 CONSTITUENCIES

• M P LOKSABHA FROM KERALA – 20 CONSTITUENCIES

• M P RAJYASABHA FROM KERALA – 9 REPRESENTATIVES

 LOKSABHA
 LOKSABHA - 545 SEATS [ 543 CONSTITUENCIES + 2 ANGLO INDIANS]
MAXIMUM STRENGTH OF THE CONSTITUTION IS 552
17TH LOKSABHA – UP HAS 79 SEATS, ARUNACHAL PRADESH 2, MADHYA
PRADESH 29, TAMIL NADU 39 , UTS --- LAKSHADWEEP 1, PUDUCHERRY 1,
JK 5 AND SO ON….
 THE TOTAL ELECTIVE MEMBERSHIP IS DISTRIBUTED AMONG THE STATES IN
SUCH A WAY THAT THE RATIO BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF SEATS ALLOTED TO
EACH STATE AND THE POPULATION OF THE STATE
 RAJYASABHA
RAJYASABHA – 250 SEATS [maximum seating](238 ELECTED + 12 NOMINATED)
ANDHRA PRADESH 11 SEATS, KARNATAKA 12, GUJARAT 11, MAHARASHTRA 19,
MEGHALAYA 1, TAMIL NADU 18.
PERMANENT BODY

1/3RD OF THE MEMBERS CHANGE EVERY 2 YEARS THROUGH RETIREMENT

PROCESS WHEN THEY COMPLETE THEIR TERM OF 6 YEARS AND NEW
MEMBERS WILL GET NOMINATED TO RAJYASABHA.
• Last Lok Sabha Election is held on April 11- 19 May 2019. In 2019 Lok Sabha Elections,
Nizamabad Constituency of Telangana had the maximum number of candidates while the
minimum were in Tura, Meghalaya.

• In 2019, a total of 673 political parties participated in the Lok Sabha Elections. There were 7
national political parties, 43 recognized state parties, and 623 registered parties.

• Elections to the Lok Sabha & Vidhan Sabha are carried out using the First Past Post Electoral
System.

• For each constituency, the electors can cast their vote for a single candidate of their choice. The
candidate who receives the most votes wins.
 FIRST PAST THE POST SYSTEM
• There are 543 constituencies --- each constituency elects one representative and the
candidate who secures the highest number of votes in that constituency is declared elected.
• The winning candidate need not secure a majority of the votes. This method of election
process is called the First Past Post System or Plurality System.
• FPTP system is applied in General Election.
• It brings together voters from different social groups to win an election in the locality.
• The system of PR is an electoral device to ensure representation of all sections of the
people more or less in proportion to their voting strength. Under this system any
group, whether it is a political party or interest group will secure representation in
proportion to the popular votes it obtains.

• Every party declares a list of its candidates- but voters vote for the party & not for
the candidates

• Party gets seats in the legislature in proportion to the votes polled by it. This allows
even smaller parties with a small support base to get representation in the legislature
--- often leads to a multi-party coalition govt.
• It is a system of election under which all the classes, castes or groups living in the electoral area are
given representation in proportion to their population in the area.

• This method can applied only in multi-member constituencies.

• Each candidate has to get a definite number of votes known as Quota ; to get elected.

• Under this system interests of the minorities are safeguarded.

• Voters get political education and consciousness about the society.

• PR is so complicated to understand for the common people and not suitable for big country like India.
In India, the number of voters is more than 66 crores.

• The system of PR would encourage each social group and community to form its own party. (but that
cause harmful for the unity and integrity of the nation).