Immune Response to HIV Infection

June 28, 2001 Ms. Jane Coyle-Morris CoyleWyethWyeth-Ayerst Research

Immune Response to HIV Infection

Immunology HIV Biology Immune Response to HIV Infection

Role of Antibodies

Antibody interaction with Complement Proteins

Cytotoxic T-Cells

Central Role of Helper T-Cells

Macrophage
Large, irregularly-shaped phagocytic cells that act as the bodys scavengers. Macrophages engulf and consume foreign material such as bacteria and viruses.

T Cells
Arise from stem cells in the bone marrow then migrate to the thymus gland where they develop the ability to recognize foreign antigens in a specific manner.

Helper T Cells (TH)

Detect infection and initiate both humoral and cell-mediated responses (CD4 cells)

Cytotoxic T Cells (TC)

Recruited by TH to lyse infected body cells (CD8 cells)

Cell Marker Proteins

CD4: cell marker found on the surface of TH and macrophages; acts as a receptor for HIV CD8: cell marker found on the surface of TC

B Cells and Plasma Cells

B Cells: precursors of plasma cells, specialized to recognize particular foreign antigens Plasma Cells: derived from B cells, they produce antibodies to specific antigens marking them for destruction

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

Proteins markers found on the surface of the bodys cells to signal self from nonnonself. MHC-I can be found on every cell in MHCthe body while MHC-II is found only on B MHCcells, T cells and macrophages.

Cytokines
Soluble proteins secreted by the cells of the immune system to signal activation and proliferation of the appropriate components of the immune response. IL-1 ILis released from macrophages and signals activation of T cells. Activated T cells produce IL-2 which signals proliferation of ILT cell clones and also helps B cells to start secreting antibodies.

Cytokines

The Immune Response

Central Role of CD4 T Cell

HIV Biology

HIV in Action

Natural Course of HIV Infection

Overview

Immune Response to HIV Infection

Immunology: Immunology: humoral vs. cell-mediated cellHIV biology: complex series of events biology: leading to viral entry and course of infection; evasion of immune system Immune response to HIV: weak humoral HIV: response, strong cell-mediated response celldiminished over time by depletion of helper T-cells

AIDS/HIV Internet Sites

Www.amaWww.ama-assn.org/special/hiv/hivhome.htm www.planetq.com/aidsvl/index.html www.thebody.com/cgiwww.thebody.com/cgi-bin/body.cgi www.cdc.gov/ www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/aids/ www.rochewww.roche-hiv.com/default.htm