Networkhub

What is a Network Hub?

Every computer or Ethernet-based device linked to a
network hub receives data that is broadcast to all of
those devices. A switch, which can isolate data
transfers to particular devices, is more advanced than a
hub.
Network hubs are best suited for small, simple local area
network (LAN) environments. Hubs cannot provide
routing capabilities or other advanced network services.
Because they operate by forwarding packets across all
ports indiscriminately, network hubs are sometimes
referred to as "dumb switches."
 How does Network Hubs work?
Network hubs are categorized as Layer 1 devices in the Open
Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model. They connect
multiple computers together, transmitting data received at one port to
all of its other ports without restriction. Hubs operate in half-duplex.
This model raises security and privacy concerns, because traffic
could not be safeguarded or quarantined. It also presents a practical
issue in terms of traffic management. Devices on a hub function as a
network segment and share a collision domain. Thus, when two
devices connected to a network hub transmit data simultaneously, the
packets will collide, causing network performance problems. This is
mitigated in switches or routers, as each port represents a separate
collision domain.
 Types of Network Hubs
There are two types of network hubs: active and passive. A
third designation, intelligent hubs, is synonymous with a
switch.
Passive hubs simply serve as a point of connectivity,
without any additional capabilities.
Active hubs repeat and strengthen incoming
transmissions. They are also sometimes referred to as
repeaters.
Intelligent Hubs
These hubs are more intelligent than passive and active hubs.
They are made up of the Management Information Base
(MIB), which specifies which conditions can be monitored and
which functions can be managed. This software aids in the
analysis and resolution of network problems. They function
similarly to active hubs and have remote management
capabilities. These hubs enable administrators to monitor the
traffic that passes through the hub and to configure each port
in the hub.