Apartheid

South Africa (1948-1994)

What was Apartheid?
An Afrikaan word meaning “Separateness” literally translating to “Apart-hood”
The Aparthied was a system of colloquial and institutional segregation primarily between the white
minority and black majority in British South Africa from 1948 - 1994 officially.
Grand Aparthied - racial segregation in labour,
land and political rights
Petty Apartheid - racial segregation in everyday life
 The Long 19th Century
The Long 19th Century 125-year period comprising the years 1789 through 1914

1789–1848 Age of Revolution

1848–1875 Age of Capital

1875–1914 Age of Empire

Roman Dutch Law
Uncodified

Debate Driven

Judge Decided

Citizen Centric

Unfair to non Citizens

British Administration
Battle of Blaauwberg

Jan 8 -18 1806

● British Victory
● Surrendered the Colony of Cape Town to British
● Dutch law would remain under british Administration
● All private property would remain with owners
● All Colonists allowed to remain free provided they behave
● All Officers married to colonists released provided they behave
Hottentot Proclamation
Lobbied by Afrikaaners

Legislated by Governor of Cape Town, James Alexander

4th Earl of Caledon

Stipulated travel restrictions on Khoikhoi (Hottentot) slaves

overruled only
by either employers or government officials

Stipulated same restrictions on Khoikhoi freemen,

effectively rendering them slaves

Laws Succeeding the Hotentot Proclamation
Ordnance No. 49 of 1828

Permitted black labourers from outside Cape Town’s

territory to enter in search for work, provided they have passes issued by officers and missionaries.

Ordnance No. 50 of 1828

Repealed the Hottentot Proclamation

abolished pass system

only allowed apprenticeship for children with parental or guardian consent

limited hiring children to less than a year any agreement over a month to be done in written contract.
Abolition of Slavery (1833)

● Approved by
Queen Victoria on Aug. 28,
1833
● Effective Aug 1, 1834

● Led to British War on

slavery
especially in the Atlantic
and African Continent.
● Overrode Cape Town’s
terms of surrender of 1806
● Forced South African Law
to ‘abolish slavery’
Laws Following Abolition of Slavery
Ordnance No. 1 of 1841
Ordnance No. 1 of 1835
● repealed Ordnance No. 50 of
1828 reclassified slaves as apprentice labourers
● reintroduced discipline system
for
● apprentice labourers

● applied to workers of all races

● defined servants as “any

person 'employed for hire,
wages, or other remuneration to
perform any handicraft or bodily
labour in agriculture or
manufactures, or in domestic
services”

● imposed legal sanction on any

children detained by their
employer
● stipulated all working
agreements to be done with
Cape Colony
Precursor of Union of South Africa

and Modern Day South Africa

Became self governing in 1872

Laws Following Self Governance
Franchise and Ballot Act of 1892

● Raised the property franchise qualification

● Added educational qualification to voting

Glen Grey Act of 1894

● Limited the amount of land Africans could hold.

Pass Laws of 1896

● Enforced passes once more
Cont.
General Pass Regulations Act of 1905
removed Black voting rights, restricted them to black territories

1910 South Africa Act

Constitutionally allowed whites to do whatever they want with the law

1913 Native Land Act

Prevented black land ownership outside reserves.

1918 Natives in Urban Areas Act

Kept blacks in cities in “zones”
1948 Elections
Daniel François Malan

First Prime Minister of Apartheid South Africa