NARCOTICS &

SCHEDULED
DRUGS
Mr.M.Vigneshwar M.Pharm.,(Ph.D)., Msc (Psy).,PGDMM
Assistant Professor
WHAT IS PHARMACOLOGY ?
 What is PK and PD ?

 Need for Pharmacology

 Narcotics

 Scheduled Drugs
ANALGESICS
 The substance/ chemical which relieves pain (Pain Killer)
 Ex

Aceclofenac, Paracetamol, Codeine & Morphine

Analgesics
Opioid analgesics - Codeine & Morphine
Non-opioid analgesics - Aceclofenac, Diclofenac (NSAIDS) & Paracetamol
 OPIOID RECEPTORS
Receptors present on neurones in the CNS and peripheral tissues.

Types -Mu, kappa and delta

Mu- Analgesia, Resp. Depression, Sedation, Euphoria, Miosis Etc

Kappa – Analgesia, Resp.Depression, Dysphoria, Miosis
Delta – Analgesia, Resp. Depression, Affective Behaviour
MECHANISM OPIOID RECEPTOR

All 3 receptors are GPCRs

Reduces intracellular cAMP and opens K+ channels

Supress Ca2+ channels

Causes Hyperpolarization

Reduced Ca2+ intracellular

Decreased release of neurotransmitter

ENDOGENOUS OPIOID
PEPTIDES
 Endorphins
(mu agonist )
 Enkephalins
(Mu and delta)
 Dynorphins
(Kappa , mu and delta)
NARCOTICS (OPIOID
ANALGESICS)
 Natural opium
Morphine , codeine
 Semisynthetic opium
Heroin, Pholcodine
 Synthetic
Pethidine, Methadone & Tramadol
EFFECTS ON SYSTEM
 CNS
Analgesia, sedation, calmness,depress Respiratory Centre, Cough
Centre, hypothermia
STIMULATES –Miosis,ctz Sensitize,vagal Centre( Bradychardia)
 CVS
Vasodilation,Hypotension
 GIT
Constipation (Low GI motility)
 Biliary tract
Spasm of sphincter
 Urinary bladder
Urinary urgency
 Bronchi
Bronchoconstriction (Histamine)
ADVERSE EFFECTS
 Sedation
 Lethargy
 Allergy
 Dysphoric
 Blurring vision
 ANTAGONIST
 Agonist-Antagonist (k analgesic)
Nolorphine,Pentazocine
 Partial Mu agonist & K antagonist
Buprenorphine
 Pure Antagonist
Naloxone,Naltrexone
SCHEDULED DRUGS
Schedule 1
 Schedule I drugs are the most regulated and have the harshest penalties of all the drugs. They
do not have a medical purpose. Above all, they have a high risk of misuse and addiction.
Schedule I drugs include:
 Ecstacy - methylenedioxymethamphetamine
 Quaaludes- Methaqulone
 GHB -Gamma hydroxy butyric acid
SCHEDULE - 2
 The only pharmacology classification of drugs with more regulations and penalties than
Schedule II drugs is Schedule I drugs. Schedule II drugs have a medical purpose. But, they
have a high risk of misuse and severe addiction risk. Schedule II drugs include:
 Codeine
 Methadone
SCHEDULE - 3
 Schedule III drugs have harsher penalties and more regulations than Schedule IV drugs.
However, they are less than a Schedule II drug. Schedule III drugs have a medical purpose.
They are also a low misuse rate and low to medium risk of addiction. Schedule III drugs
include:
 Ketamine (ketaset)
 Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
SCHEDULE - 4
 The regulations and penalties for these drugs are a little more than Schedule V drugs. But, they
are less than Schedule III drugs. Schedule IV drugs have a medical purpose. They also have a
low risk of misuse and addiction. Common Schedule IV drugs include:
 Zolpidem (Ambien)
 Propoxyphene (Darvocet)
 Tramadol (integrol)
SCHEDULE - 5
 Schedule V drugs have the lowest penalties and few regulations. They have an acceptable
medical purpose. And generally, the lowest risk of misuse and addiction. Common Schedule V
drugs include:
 Diphenoxylate & Atropine (lomotil)
 Difenoxin & Atropine (Motofen)
 Pregablin (Lyrica)