Video

✔Discuss the impact of geography and

religion on the emergence of
Egyptian civilization;
✔Identify the different contributions
of Egyptian civilization;
✔Value the contributions of ancient
Egyptian civilization to the world.
 What have you seen on the video presented?

Does it helped you to have a view of

ancient Egypt?
Are you all now ready for our lesson for
today?
Video
 KEY TERMS:
• Theocracy • Tuat
• Canopic Jars • Hieroglyphics
• Ka
•
• Sarcophagus
Valley of the Kings
• Scribes • Papyrus
• Book of Dead • Rosetta Stone
 KEY PERSONS
• Howard Carter • Imhotep
• Lord Carnarvon • Khufu
• Tutankhamen • Ahmose I
• Jean Francois • Thutmose III
Champollion • Hatshepsut
• Menes • Rameses II
The history of Ancient
Egypt spans some
2,500 years. The
insolation afforded by
the deserts that
surrounded the Nile
Valley allowed Egypt to
evolve a civilization.
The unique
geographic
environment of
Egypt directly
influenced the kind
of government that
they evolved.
The religion
that they
developed and
the arts and
crafts that they
would master.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING
The Nile River has a
steady and slow
current that lend
itself well for the
use in transporting
peoples and goods
up and down its
length.
 NILE RIVER
• Serves as a unifying factor for the
ancient Egyptians
• Flooded annually depositing rich silt
that keeps the riverbank fertile
• The challenges in harnessing the
river paved the way for the
development of rudimentary
government
The valley itself being narrow
also meant that the villages
along its banks were in close
proximity with each other that
facilitated their unification
under one leader.
Equally significant
was the fact that the
Nile River Valley was
surrounded by
deserts called the
Red Lands or
Deshret.
• West - Libyan and Saharan
Desert
• East - Arabian Desert (eastern
Desert)
• South – Nubian Desert
These natural barriers shielded
ancient Egypt from invasions
and massive migration allowing
it to develop an insular culture
that is essentially Egyptians.
 RELIGION
video
Religion was
central to
Egyptian life. it
was essentially
polytheistic
characterized by
numerous deities.
Gods of Ancient Egypt
✔The ancient Egyptians believed in a
happy afterlife.
✔Their concept of paradise was one with
the same fertile fields and light and
sacred waters beautified by lakes and
gardens.
✔Connected to the concept of immortality
-underscored the
importance of
Mummification
- is a process in
which the skin and
flesh of a corpse
can be preserved. 
Canopic Jars
-were four in number,
each for the
safekeeping of
particular human
organs: the stomach,
intestines, lungs, and
liver, all of which, it
was believed, would be
needed in the
afterlife. 
Sarcophagus
- is a box-like funeral
receptacle for a
corpse, most
commonly carved in
stone, and usually
displayed above
ground, though it
may also be buried.
Sarcophagus
Book of Dead
-was a significant
source of
information
pertaining to the
Egyptian belief in
the afterlife.
Was a loose collection
of magical spells and
incantations that gave
detailed instructions
to the deceased on
how to successfully
pass through the
different stages of Tuat
or Underworld.
The pyramid
continue to inspire
awe and inspiration
today. They remain
to be the essential
symbol of the
grandeur of ancient
Egyptian civilization.
• Tied to their
religious belief
• Built to be the
place of ascent of
the Ka or soul
• Was a royal tomb,
not a palace nor a
temple.
Pyramid of King Tutankhamen
✔One of the most
famous tomb in the
Valley of the Kings
✔Discovered by
Bristish
archaeologists Lord
Carnavon and
Howard Carter in
1922
Government
The form of
government that
the ancient
Egyptians
developed was
also be directly
influenced by
their religion.
The pharaoh
(Great House)
was not only the
ruler but also
worshipped as
god.
• The government of ancient Egypt
was theocracy

THEOCRACY-  form of
government wherein the ruler is
believed to be god or of divine origin
• Venerate their pharaoh as god with
absolute power
• Whatever he said became a law
• Obedience to the will of the pharaoh was
seen as an essential part of their worship
of god
• Believed to be divinely omniscient
• He needed no law to guide him
• Needed no consultation or approval
for his actions all laws were accepted
as expressions of his divine authority
• Has the power to mobilize his people
to support any project
 System of Writing
An important prerequisite to the
emergence of civilization is a
system of writing to provide a
means of preserving accumulated
knowledge and dissemination of
the same to the people.
The ancient
Egyptians
invented their
own system of
writing called
hieroglyphics.
• Originally a pictographic system
• Used pictures that stood for names of
things
• A complicated writing system that
required years of training
• Paved way to the emergence of scribes
(master of hieroglyphics)
Hieroglyphics
 Hieroglyphics
• Difficult system to master and that
scribes were mostly the only ones who
were able to master it
• Limited to pharaoh and his officials
• Not known to ordinary people
• Evidences were the wall paintings and
decorations that depict day-to day
activities
In 1799, a French
engineer attached
to Napoleon’s army
during the Egyptian
campaign discover
the key to unlock
the secrets of
hieroglyphics.
Rosetta Stone
-a stone measuring 3
feet 9 inches by 2 feet
4 ¼ inches with three
types of writings.
-discovered by Thomas
Young an Englishman
and Jean Francois
Champollion, a
Frenchman
What is the impact of
geography on the
emergence of
civilizations?