De-Morgan’s Theorems

&

Boolean Algebra Laws

 De-Morgan’s Theorems
• De-Morgan’s Theorems can be expressed and
stated as below:

1- /(A + B) = /A . /B
Complement of a sum equals the product of
complements

2- /(A . B) = /A + /B
Complement of a product is equal to the sum of
the complements
2
 Description of De-Morgan’s Theorems

i) According to 1st theorem a NOR Gate is same as

an AND gate having all of its inputs inverted (means
a “Negative-AND gate” or “Bubbled AND Gate”)

ii) According to 2nd theorem a NAND Gate is same

as an OR gate having all of its inputs inverted
(means a “Negative-OR gate” or “Bubbled OR
Gate”)
 Description of De-Morgan’s
Theorems
• According to De-Morgan’s theorems
inverting the output of any gate results in the
same function as the opposite type of gate
(AND vs OR) with inverted inputs
• Remember a Key sentence for memorizing
the Expressions of De-Morgan’s theorems;
• “Break the Bar and Change the Sign”
( ‘.’ vs ‘+’)
4
 De-Morgan’s Theorem 1

• NOR Gate is same as Inverted AND or

“Bubbled AND Gate”.
• /(A + B) = /A . /B (Recall the Key sentence)

5
 De-Morgan’s
• Theorem 1

6
 De-Morgan’s Theorem 2

• NAND Gate is same as Inverted OR or

“Bubbled OR Gate”.
• /(A . B) = /A + /B (Recall the Key sentence)

7
 De-Morgan’s
• Theorem 2

8
 Laws

of

Boolean Algebra
 Boolean Laws for OR Function
• A+0=A
• A+1=1
• A+A=A
• A + /A = 1

A A
0 A 1 1

A A
A A /A 1 10
 Boolean Laws for AND Function
• A.0=0
• A.1=A
• A.A=A
• A . /A = 0
A A
0 0 1 A

A A
A A /A 00
11
 Boolean Law for NOT Function
• A = //A

A /A /A A

12
THE
END

13