MATHEMATICAL

OPERATION IN BAKING
STANDARD TABLE OF WEIGHT AND
MEASURES
 MEASURING INGREDIENTS:
 
WEIGHT –REFERS TO THE MASS OR HEAVINESS OF A SUBSTANCE
VOLUME – REFERS TO THE SPACE OCCUPIED BY A SUBSTANCE

Converting grams and ounces To convert grams or ml to ounces

or fl. oz.

1 ounce =28.35 grams

Ex. 240 g ÷ 30 = 8 oz
1 fl.oz. = 29.57 milliliters (30)
rounded off 240 ml ÷ 30 = 8 fl.oz

Ex. 8 oz x 30 = 240 g
8 fl.oz x 30 = 240 ml
TRY TO SOLVE
1. 5 cups = _____TBSP 6. 12 lb=_______TBSP
2. 2 oz = ______grams 7. 32 g=________oz
3. 5 kl =______ pounds 8. 180 ml=_______oz
4. 30 lb=_______ cups
5.45 grams =_________oz
Calculating Baker’s Percentage

To calculate the baker’s percentage in a formula:

STEP 1 Identify the weight of the flour in the formula. This weight will be
100%.
STEP 2 Assure that the weights of all ingredients are in the same unit of
measure.
STEP 3 Divide the weight of each of the other ingredients in the formula
by the weight of the flour.
STEP 4 Multiply the number obtained by 100 to calculate the baker’s
percentage for each ingredient.

Weight of Ingredient ÷ Weight of Flour x 100 = Baker’s Percentage of

Ingredient
Sugar Cookie Dough
Yield : 20 cookies 1 1/2oz. each

Quantity Baker’s Percentage

Flour 1 lb 100%

sugar 6 oz 37.5 %

Butter 1 fl oz 43.7%

Vanilla 1 lb. 14 oz. 6.2 %

extract

Total: 187.4 %
INGREDIENT PERCENTAGE

flour 100%

water 63%

salt 1.8%

dry yeast 1.4%

butter 4%

total dough 170.2%

EXAMPLE 1 : YOU WANT TO MAKE 6 LOAVES OF 750 G EACH

When you want to make 6 loaves of bread weighing 750 g each, you can easily
calculate all ingredients. For 6 loaves you need 6 x 750 = 4500 g of dough. The first
step is to calculate the amount which represent 1%. For this example recipe the total
combined percentage figure for 4500 g is 170.2% (see above in table: all the
percentages of all ingredients added up).
Now to get to 1% you need to divide 4500 by 170.2 = 26.44 g. So each 1%
represents 26.44 g, and by multiplying all percentages by 26.44 g we get the
following recipe;
EXAMPLE 3 ; YOU WANT TO BAKE 4 LOAVES OF 500 G
YOU HAVE FOUND A NICE RECIPE IN A BREAD BOOK.
HOWEVER INSTEAD OF USING THE AMOUNTS GIVEN IN THE
RECIPE, YOU WANT TO MAKE 4 LOAVES OF 500 G EACH.
First of all you need to calculate the the total amount of flour (50 + 400 = 450 g).
With this number you can now calculate all the bakers percentages of the
recipe. First take 1% of the total amount of flour which is 450 ÷ 100 = 4.5 g. Now
you need to divide all the amounts of the recipe by 4.5 to calculate the baker’s
percentages.
Recipe turned into baker’s percentages
First of all you need to calculate the the total amount of flour (50 + 400 = 450 g).
With this number you can now calculate all the bakers percentages of the
recipe. First take 1% of the total amount of flour which is 450 ÷ 100 = 4.5 g. Now
you need to divide all the amounts of the recipe by 4.5 to calculate the baker’s
percentages.
NGREDIENT AMOUNT PERCENTAGE

wholewheat flour 50 g 50 ÷ 4.5 = 11%

flour 400 g 400 ÷ 4.5 = 89%

water 298 g 298 ÷ 4.5 = 66%

salt 6g 8 ÷ 4.5 = 1.77%

dry yeast 6g 6 ÷ 4.5 = 1.33%

total 169.1%
With this table you scale the recipe to bake 4 loaves like we did in example 1 and 2.
The total amount of dough needed is 4 * 500 g = 2000 g. The total percentage of this
recipe is 169.1%, now take 1% = 2000 / 169.1 = 11.82 g.
INGREDIENT PERCENTAGE AMOUNT

wholewheat flour 11% x 11.82 g 130 g

flour 89% x 11.82 g 1051 g

water 66% x 11.82 g 780 g

salt 1.77% x 11.82 g 21 g

dry yeast 1.33% x 11.82 g 16 g

total 169.1% x 11.82 g 1998 g

TRY TO SOLVE
INGREDIENTS FOR A BREAD
MAKES 1 LOAVES 1. turn the recipe into bakers percentage
500 g wheat (bread) flour 2. I want4 loaf for 500 grams
315 g water
9 g (sea) salt
7 g instant yeast
20 g butter
NGREDIENT PERCENTAGE 1. change the baker percentage into Grams
wholewheat flour 11% 2. I want 4 loaf in 300 grams
flour 89%
water 66%
salt 1.77%
dry yeast 1.33%
total 169.1%
ASSIGNMENT
1.Get a bread recipe from magazine , cook book ,net or any references in baking
2. from that recipe change it into bakers percentage
3. then compute if you need a 500 grams of dough in 5 loaf