UNIT - 2

EDUCATION
AND
CONTEMPORARY
INDIA
 EDUCATION- FUNDAMENTAL
UNDERSTANDINGS

The concept of
education is
like a Diamond
which appears
to be a
different
colour when
we seen from
different
angles.
MEANING OF EDUCATION
Narrow Meaning
Such a type of education is imparted in
planned institutions like schools.
It is a deliberate, conscious and
systematic influence exerted by the
mature person.
It is limited to the ready made materials.
Education is regarded as the synonym of
instruction.
 Etymological Meaning
There are two closely related arguments
regarding the origin of the word ‘Education’.
Educatum(Latin)  ‘to train’
Educatio
n
E + Duco  Educatum

From Inside
To Draw/To Lead
Thus ‘Education’ is a process which draws
from within.
 Educaten (Middle English)
Educatio
n
Educere  Bring Out

Ex + Ducere

Out
To lead
+
Ion(suffix)  a particular action or process

“ Education is a process to bring out a

person’s innate abilities”
Definitions
Functions of Education
Spread of knowledge and skill.
Development of innate powers.
All round development of personality.
Development of moral character.
Promoting social development.
Satisfaction of human needs.
Preservation, conservation and promotion of
social heritage and civilisation.
National development.
Aims of Education
Knowledge aim.
Vocational aim.
Cultural aim.
Character building aim.
Citizenship aim.
Harmonious development aim.
Complete living aim.
National development aim.
International understanding.
Nature of Education as a Discipline
Characteristics of Education
◦ Education is purposive
◦ Education is science as well as art.
◦ Education is a process and a product.
◦ Education is dynamic process.
◦ Education is development of individual and the
society.
◦ Education is liberal and vocational.
◦ Education as a stabilizer.
◦ Education as a conservator and a tool for
reconstruction.
◦ Education is a life long process.
◦ Education is bipolar and tri polar process.
Types of Education
 1. Formal Education
 Is the type of education which is provided in a formal
way by observing all types of official procedures.
 It is direct schooling.
 Hierarchically structured, chronologically graded and
institutionalised.
 There are always fixed goals and conscious efforts to
achieve these goals.
 There is always a well defined and clear cut curriculum.
 The aims of education, curriculum, methods of teaching
and the role of teacher are pre-determined.
 2. Informal Education
Is the kind of education attained by an individual
naturally and incidentally.
No formalities are observed at any stage of
education.
The scope of informal education is vast.
It is an unplanned and unsystematic education un
intentionally given to the learner.
It is life long.
There are no conscious efforts made from the
part of either the teacher and the learner.
There is no prescribed syllabus, no time frame
and non institutionalised.
 3. Non Formal Education
Any Organised educational activity carried on
outside the framework of the formal
educational system.
It is flexible in matters of admission,
attendance, duration, examination etc.
It is need based and it is not a time bound
education.
It has flexible points of entry and exit.
Probably it is integrated with work.
It is more learner centered than subject
centered.
Levels of Education
 INTER DISCIPLINARY NATURE
OF EDUCATION
Education had strong relationship with;
◦ Philosophy :- philosophy influences every
aspects of education such as aims,
curriculum, text books, methods of teaching,
discipline, teacher etc.
◦ Sociology :- sociology develops methods and
techniques of social interaction while
education utilises the same to bring about the
desired behavioural and attitudinal changes.
Psychology:- If anyone wants to be a
successful teacher, he/she must know about the
science of behaviour(psychology) of the learner
and the learning.
Economics:- All the aspects of a nation’s
economy are decided that the innovations are
made in a particular nation by the help of
education.
History:- The history of indigenous education
in India acts as a basis of all educational
policies and reforms in India. Hence the study
of past education guides he future aspects of
education.
Politics:-The present political condition of a
country will influence the present education
system of that country.