COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING

PREVIOUS LESSON

 IP Address can be Static or Dynamic

 How data is sent to another device on a network

 What is a packet

 The difference between IPv4 and IPv5

SUBNETTING
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING
SUBNET (SUBNETTING)

 In the early days of the IP protocol, there were only three subnet masks that could possibly be assigned to a
particular workstation.
 Class A uses 8 bits for the Network ID thus it’s subnet mask is 255.0.0.0
 Class B uses 16 (2 octets) and Class uses all 3 octets in the IP Address for their Network ID
 The remaining bits are for the host addresses.
SUBNET (SUBNETTING)

 In the early days of the IP protocol, there were only three subnet masks that could possibly be assigned to a
particular workstation.
 Class A uses 8 bits for the Network ID thus it’s subnet mask is 255.0.0.0
 Class B uses 16 (2 octets) and Class uses all 3 octets in the IP Address for their Network ID
 The remaining bits are for the host addresses.
 Remember: when we convert a subnet mask to its binary equivalent, all bits that are turned on or 1s indicates the
NETWORK ID, all the zeros are for the HOST IDs.
SUBNET (SUBNETTING)

 As IP become popular, experts realized that limiting our subnet masks to a class a, b
or c was not a very efficient way to perform IP addressing.
 So in 1993, experts stop using this method of automatic subnet.
 But still they use the terms in casual conversation to shorten the term 255.255.0.0 as
class B and so on.
 It is a lot easier to say that you use a class B subnet mask than saying I use 255.255.0.0 or
255.255.255.0
PARTS / CONSTRUCTION OF A SUBNET

 NETWORK ADDRESS (ID) - This would be the first IP address that belongs to a
particular subnet. You can get this value by taking all of the host bits of a particular
subnet and changing them all to zero.
 E.g. 192.168.2.145 (Class C | 255.255.255.0 = 1111.1111.1111.0)
 Net ID: 192.168.2.0

 Broadcast Address – It is the last IP address on a particular IP subnet. You can get
this value by taking all of the host bits of a particular subnet and changing them all to
ones.
 E.g. 192.168.2.145 (Class C | 255.255.255.0) class c has a total of 255 Host bits
 Broadcast ID: 192.168.2.255
PARTS / CONSTRUCTION OF A SUBNET

Usable Host Address – are IP address that is between

the Network ID and the Broadcast ID.
 e.g. Network ID – 192.168.1.0 and Broadcast Address – 192.168.1.255
 Usable Host addresses – 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254
SUBNET
 Subnet is short for Sub Network (a network within a network)
 It is a segmented piece of a larger network.
 More specifically, subnets are a logical partition of an IP network into multiple, smaller network
segments.
 Organizations will use a subnet to subdivide large networks into smaller, more efficient subnetworks.
 One goal of a subnet is to split a large network into a grouping of smaller, interconnected networks to
help minimize traffic. This way, traffic doesn't have to flow through unnecessary routs, increasing
network speeds.
 Each subnet allows its connected devices to communicate with each other, while routers are used to
communicate between subnets.
HOW DOES A SUBNET WORK?
 An IP address is divided into two fields: a Network Prefix (also called the Network ID) and a Host ID.
 What separates the Network Prefix and the Host ID depends on whether the address is a Class A, B or
C address.
HOW TO CALCULATE A SUBNET?
 Let us take the IP address of 10.74.222.11 and assume that we are using the classbased or classful
subnet masks.
TRY IT
Direction: Calculate the network address, first usable host address, broadcast address and the last usable
host address of the following IP address. Find the class and subnet mask.
EASIER METHOD OF CALCULATING SUBNET