3 .

1 T H E H U M A N

  P E R S O N A S A N

E M B O D I E D S P I R I T

P R E PA R E D B Y:

J O Y C E V E R G E , I R E N E A B R A Z A D O , &

  PA T R I C K G A P U L T O S
 M O T I VA T I O N

2 G R O U P S H AV E 5 M E M B E R S A N D A N S W E R
THE RIDDLE (BUGTONG)
 THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT
• Man is the general term commonly used to refer to the entire human race. Other related terms
include humanity, mankind, and human kind.
• Human refers to man as a species - Homo sapiens sapiens or modern human beings.

• Human Being used to distinguish man from other animals.

THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT

• Person generally refers to a human being granted recognition of

certain rights, protection, responsibilities, and dignity.
• Personhood refers to the state of being a person.
• Human nature refers to the characteristics that distinguish human
from all other creatures. 
 • self-awareness refers to the person having a
WHAT IS THE
HUMAN PERSON? clear perception of oneself, including his/her
thoughts, emotions, identity, and actions. 
• rationality or human thought refers to the
human person is defined by a deeper
TRAITS AS awareness.
• interiority enables persons to exercise
A PERSON creativity. It allows us to imagine the sky in
different colors, draw fantastic animals and
landscapes, create new music, and think of
lyrics to a song.
WHAT IS THE • self-determination refers to the capability of
HUMAN PERSON? persons to make choices and decisions based
on their preferences, monitor and regulate
their actions, and be goal.
• free will is the capacity to choose a course of
action from various alternatives. 
TRAITS AS • consequence is the result or effect of an action
or condition.
A PERSON • dignity or the innate right to be valued and
respected.
 At the heart of Hinduism lies the idea of human beings'
quest for absolute truth, so that the one's soul and the
Brahman or Atman (absolute Soul) might become one.

BRAHMAN According to Hinduism, human beings have a dual

nature: one is the spiritual and immortal essence (soul);
IS SELF- the other is empirical life and character. Between in two
natures, however, it is maintained that it is the soul that
HOOD ultimately real.

Hindus generally believe that the soul is eternal but

is bound by the law of Karma (action) to the world
of matter, which it can escape only
after spiritual progress through an endless series of
births.
 BRAHMAN IS
SELF-HOOD

• Self-hood- the quality that makes a

person or thing different from others.

• The Aum (Om) is the root of the

universe and everything that exists and it
continues to hold everything together.
 BRAHMA
T H E C R E AT O R G O D O F T H E
HINDU SACRED TRIAD.
(MERRIAM)
 • UPANISHADS-(YU-PA-NI-
BRAHMA SHAD) one of the class of Vedic
treatises dealing with broad
• This view of humanity's reality
places a lot of emphasis on the philosophical problems.
attainment  of self-knowledge.
• The goal of human life as
conceived by the
• VEDIC- relating  to Vedas, the
different Upanishads is language in which they are
to overcome congenital ignorance. written.

To all Hindu thought are the four
primary values:  honesty, and similar virtues.
wealth, pleasure, duty and
enlightenment
 Wealth and pleasure are worldly values, but
when kept in perspective they are good and
desirable.
 The spiritual value of duty, or righteousness,
refers  to patience, sincerity, fairness, love,
 The spiritual value, though, is enlightenment,
by which one is illuminated and liberated and
most importantly, find release  from the wheel of
existence. Repeated existence is the destiny of
those who do not achieve enlightenment.
I N T R O D U C T I O N
TO B U D D H I S M
 • Another major Eastern tradition is Buddhism ,
contained in the  teachings of its founder,
Siddharta Gautama or the Buddha. Out of
the life experience and teaching of highborn
Prince of the Sakya clan in the kingdom of
Magadha.
BUDDHISM • Who lived from  560 to 477 B.C., sprang the
religious philosophy we know as Buddhism.
Turning away from Hindu polytheism and
palace pleasures, Gautama  began searching
for answers to the riddle of life's suffering,
disease, old age, and death.
 ASCETIC
R E L AT I N G T O O R H AV I N G A
S T R I C T A N D S I M P L E WAY O F
L I V I N G T H AT AV O I D S P H Y S I C A L
PLEASURE.
 • Gautama's life was devoted to sharing his
"Dharma" or Law of Salvation- a simple
presentation of the gospel of inner cultivation
of right spiritual attitudes, coupled with a self-
imposed discipline whereby bodily desires
would be channeled in the right directions.
• He omitted any appeal to  the gods as
Convinced that the way of escape from pain
and misery lay in the  transformation of
one's  mind and that liberation could
come only with a sloughing off of all vain
clinging to the things of this life, Buddha set
about sharing his discovery with anyone
BUDDHISM who would listen to him.
BUDDHISM
Life is full of suffering

 THE FOUR Suffering is caused by passionate desires, lusts,

NOBLE TRUTH, cravings

GAUTAMA Only as these are obliterated, will suffering cease

TAUGHT
Such eradication of desire may be accomplished only
by following the Eightfold Path of earnest endeavor
EIGHTFOLD PATH
1. Right belief in and acceptance of the "Fourfold Truth".
2. Right aspiration for one's self and for others.
3. Right speech that harms no one.
4. Right conduct, motivated by goodwill toward all human beings.
5. Right means of livelihood, or earning one's living by honorable means.
6. Right endeavor, or effort to direct one's energies toward wise ends.
7. Right mindfulness, in choosing topics for thought.
8. Right meditation, or concentration to the point of complete absorption in mystic
ecstasy.
BUDDHISM
Cease Cease to do evil
We do this
essentially by
following three Learn Learn to do good
short axioms or
accepted as true;
Purify Purify your own mind
 • The way to salvation, in other words, lies
through self-abnegation, rigid discipline
of mind and body, a consuming love for
living creatures, and final achievement of
that state of consciousness which  marks
an individual's full preparation.
• Entering the Nirvana (enlightened
BUDDHISM wisdom) of complete selflessness.
• The effects of the Law of Cause and
Effect (Karma) are overcome; the
Cycle of Rebirth is broken; and one
may rest in the calm assurance of
having attained a heavenly bliss
that will stretch into all eternity.
 THE
BIBLICAL
GOD AND
HUMANITY
 • In the 5th century, Augustine's writing is
considered to be the most influential in
the early medieval period.
• For Augustine (354-430 CE),
philosophy is amor sapiential, the love of
wisdom; its aim is to produce happiness.
• It should be taken as a humble acceptance
THE of the fact that human beings
alone, without God, are bound to fail.
BIBLICAL
GOD AND
HUMANITY
T H E   B I B L I C A L   G O D
A N D   H U M A N I T Y
T HE T HOUGHTS ARE VERY DEE P! THE
D U L L M A N C A N N O T K N O W. T H E S T U P I D
C A N N O T U N D E R S TA N D T H I S .
PSALM 4
THE BIBLICAL GO
D AND HUMANITY

Three grades
Mere Living Rational
or levels of being being being

existence:
THE BIBLICAL GOD AND HUMANITY
For St. Thomas Aquinas, another medieval philosopher, of all creatures, human being
have the unique power to change themselves and things for the better. 

Aquinas considers the human being as moral agent.

Our spirituality separates us from animals; it differentiates moral dimension of our

fulfillment in action.

Through our spirituality, we have a conscience. Thus, whether we choose to be "good" or

"evil" becomes our responsibility.
3 . 2 E V A L U A T E O W N

  L I M I T A T I O N S

  A N D T H E

  P O S S I B I L I T I E S

  F O R T H E I R

  T R A N S C E N D E N C E
 Forgiveness 

EVALUATE OWN We are freed from our

LIMITATIONS AND anger and bitterness.
THE The hardness of our
POSSIBILITIES heart is reinforced by
FOR THEIR whole series of rational
TRANSCENDENCE arguments.
 The Beauty of Nature

EVALUATE OWN There is perfection in every

LIMITATIONS AND single flower; this is what
the three philosophies
THE
believed. These kind of
POSSIBILITIES
experiences can be truly
FOR THEIR moments of grace and need
TRANSCENDENCE to be praise. 
 Vulnerability

EVALUATE OWN To be invulnerable is

LIMITATIONS AND somehow inhuman and
THE human. We need to
POSSIBILITIES acknowledge the help of
FOR THEIR other people in our lives.
TRANSCENDENCE
 Failure

EVALUATE OWN Our failures  force us to confront

our weaknesses and limitations.
LIMITATIONS AND Such acceptance  of our failures
THE makes us hope and trust that all
POSSIBILITIES can be brought in good.
FOR THEIR
TRANSCENDENCE
 Loneliness

EVALUATE OWN Can be rooted from our sense of

vulnerability and fear of death.
LIMITATIONS AND Without our loneliness, we can
THE realize that our dependence on
POSSIBILITIES other people or gadgets is a
FOR THEIR possessiveness that we can be
TRANSCENDENCE free from.
 Love

EVALUATE OWN Is to experience richness,

LIMITATIONS AND positivity, and
transcendence. In a Buddhist
THE
view, the more we love, the
POSSIBILITIES
more risks and fears there
FOR THEIR are in life (Aguilar 2010).
TRANSCENDENCE