ABSTRACT

y This project is aimed to develop a model system using fuzzy logic, sensors, relays and control system which tries to optimize the power consumption at maximum but within the limit. This system will help the industries which pay the electricity bill based on peak power consumption method. Considering the scarcity of energy that the world is facing today, it is a method that has been created to cater to the utilization of maximum energy that is available during peak conditions. y In the search of methods that are feasible to the industry standards, one of the best is using fuzzy logic which nowadays most of the industries use it for automation.

y Currently in India, we are using power factor method for the calculation and maintenance of power across the region. Earlier a peak load based billing system was used in these regions but due to political constraints, this method had to be abolished. The peak load billing system is considered to be more effective than the power factor method in terms of power consumption. y However, saving of energy during the mountain of energy consumption is always an effective and considerable option. For this reason, both the above mentioned methods are used in the developed regions across the globe.

INTRODUCTION
y

In all industrial sectors, factory managers often pay little attention to energy costs in general, and electricity costs in particular, either because of their relatively minor impact on total costs, or because they are simply regarded as non-manageable, unless some loss of flexibility is accepted.

y Closer examination of how these costs arise shows that it can be possible to take advantage of incentives and favorable pricing offered by utilities in order to encourage consumers to use energy in such a way and at such times that it enables the utility to manage load patterns. By making the best use of these incentives, it is possible to achieve significant savings in production costs, with no adverse effect on product quality or productivity.

FUZZY LOGIC
y Fuzzy Logic (FL) is a problem solving control system methodology which was conceived by Lotfi Zadeh, a professor at the University of California at Berkley. It has proven to be an excellent choice for control system applications since it mimics human logic. y It is imprecise but very descriptive language to deal with input data more like human operator. Fuzzy Logic lends itself to implementation in systems ranging from simple, small, embedded micro-controllers to large, networked, multi-channel PC or workstation-based data acquisition and control systems.

FUZZY REASONING
y Multiple rules with multiple antecedent

Rule 1: if x is A1 and y is B1 then z is C1 Rule 2: if x is A2 and y is B2 then z is C2 Fact: x is A and y is B Conclusion: z is C y General format: If x is A then y is B y Examples:  If the road is slippery, then driving is dangerous.  If a tomato is red, then it is ripe.  If speed is high, then apply the brake.

FEATURES
y Fuzzy Logic reduces the design development cycle. y Fuzzy Logic simplifies design complexity. y Fuzzy Logic does not require precise or noise free inputs. y A Better Alternative Solution To Non-Linear control y Fuzzy Logic improves control performance y Fuzzy Logic simplifies implementation y Fuzzy Logic reduces hardware costs

FUZZY LOGIC DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

GENERAL OUTLINE OF AT89C52

y Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles y Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz y 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM y 32 Programmable I/O Lines y Three 16-bit Timer/Counters y Eight Interrupt Sources y Programmable Serial Channel y 8K Bytes of in-System reprogrammable flash memory.

GENERAL OUTLINE OF ADC0808

y The ADC808, data

acquisition component is a monolithic 8-

CMOS device with an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter,

channel multiplexer and microprocessor compatible control logic.

y The 8-bit A/D converter uses successive approximation as the

conversion technique.
y Easy interface to all microprocessors. y 8-channel multiplexer with address logic. y 0V to 5V input range with single 5V power supply

GENERAL OUTLINE OF LM7805

y A 7805 is a 5 volts three terminal regulator. For this family of

regulators the last digit signify the voltage output that it will regulate. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1.0A output current.
y They are intended as fixed voltage regulators in a wide range

of

applications

including

local(on-card)

regulation for

elimination of noise and distribution problems associated with single-point regulation. In addition to use as fixed voltage

regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable output voltages and currents.

GENERAL OUTLINE OF ULN2003

y The ULN2003 is a monolithic high voltage and high current

Darlington transistor arrays.

y It consists of seven NPN darlington pairs that features high-

voltage outputs with common-cathode clamp diode for switching inductive loads.
y The collector-current rating of a single darlington pair is 500mA.

The darlington pairs may be paralleled for higher current capability.

y Applications include relay drivers, hammer drivers, lamp drivers,

line drivers, and logic buffers.

LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR

A light dependent resistor is a small, round semiconductor. Light dependent resistors are used to re-charge a light during different changes in the light, or they are made to turn a light on during certain changes in lights. Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000 000 ohms, but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically.

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY(LCD)

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. LCDs add a more professional look to any project as opposed to seven segment or alpha-numeric LEDs. Most character LCD's are controlled via an industry standard HD44780-style controller. This is great because almost any character LCD you purchase will operate in the exact same manner.

HARDWARE CONNECTION
y At the start, we have to give power supply to the port. The microcontroller works at 5V but our input power supply is 12V, s hence we are using the voltage converter LM7805 it is used to convert the voltage. Then the output of LM7805 is given to the first three pins in port2 of microcontroller. y Port 0 of AT89S52 is connected to the data lines of ADC0808.The microcontroller is able to control the ADC0808 but the time taken for the operation is high, therefore we have errors in the output. To minimize these errors use 555timer. This is used to control the ADC0808 manually, which also gives the output to the microcontroller for every 20ms so the possibilities of error gets reduced and the overall output is accurate.

y Port 2 and 3 of microcontroller are connected with the relays. In the relay board we are using ULN2003 to convert the voltage to 12v. The current and voltage transformer is connected to microcontroller with the help of session amplifier and is also connected to loads through the relays . y Then port 1 of the microcontroller is connected with the data lines of LCD display. The frequency changer, light dependent resistor is connected with both microcontroller, AT89S52 and ADC0808.

HARDWARE WORKING
y At first when the supply is given, the microcontroller checks the connection of the relays that is shown by the LEDs connected to relays. If all the LEDs are working means the connection of the kit is correct. Then using auto transformer set the voltage to 25-30V and now change the frequency. If f is above 50.4 means grid slip occurs, this situation happens during natural disaster due to which all loads are cut off. y If f lies between 50 to 50.3 means favorable condition, in this, we use the high priority load fully and the medium and low priority load are used during day-light conditions. During night time, no change occurs in high priority and low priority load conditions and medium priority load gets cut off.

y If f lies between 49.7 to 50, it is in unfavorable condition. This condition occurs due to high loading of the generation station, during which we are constrained to use only the high priority load and the medium priority equipment only. Low priority load gets cut off in the morning. y And if the value of f drops below to 49.7 then it represents grid failure in this situation we cut off all the loads which were used during both day and night conditions.

CONCLUSION
y The potential for conserving of energy in industries is of very high importance and helps many industries, including  Metal works industries  Electrolysis industries  Technology gas industries  Cement industries

The

proposed method will involve fast and continuous variation in the level of electricity rates that will motivate industrialists to select flexible processes whose operation can quickly be adapted to changes in the cost of supply and to invest in energy management and storage system.

THANK YOU