Somali National University

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
AUG-2022
Research Project Proposal
Over Voltage/Under Voltage Protection Of
Electrical Appliance With GSM Alert

Prepared by Supervised by
1- KHADAR AHMED OSMAN (B2E116) ABDIRAHIM KHALIF ALI
2- ABDIQANI OSMAN MOHAMED (B2E129)

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 Contents
Introduction
Problem Statement.
Obectives.
scope of work.
Background and Literature Review
Methodology.
Preliminary Results.
Project schedule
Conclusion
References.
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 Introduction
 In modern power systems, voltage quality is becoming
increasingly important with their growth in power electronics
and their high sensitivity of electronic equipment.
 Overvoltage or under voltage often result in damaging
equipment.
 There is a risk of electronic devices and electrical loads being
affected, which are very susceptible to these fluctuations
 therefore, a need for a tripping device that prevents these loads
from being damaged.
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 Problem Statement
 The effects of overvoltage and under voltage to electric
equipments in general and motors specifically are serious and
can’t be ignored
 Over Voltage fluctuations in electric power supply certainly have
adverse effects on connected loads.
 It can easily damage sensitive electronic parts in these
conditions.
 Insulation and damage of appliances due to Under and over
voltage problem is typically seen in Somalia.

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Cont…
 This problem can be economically reduced by the automation
methodology.
 In this study we are going to develop a system that can be used to
monitor low and high voltage and the goal is to avoid the problems
related to appliance damage by tripping the output.
 it also send SMS via GSM modem which alerts the user whenever
the voltage level crosses it is limit.
 This system will be very beneficial to people and companies at
large as it will protect their devices from being damaged or burnt

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 Objectives

The objectives of this work are:

1. To Design a system that reads and controls single phase AC

voltage by using microcontroller.

2. To design a low-voltage and high-voltage tripping mechanism

with GSM alert to protect electrical appliance from any damage.

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 Scope of Work

The scope of this work is:-

1. This assessment will be focusing in domestic area
particularly at home distribution
2. To study the effect of over voltage and under voltage to
electrical appliances in order to ensure adequate protection
for home appliances against over and under voltages.
3. The general aspect or devices of this work consist of GSM
Module Controlling the Arduino and Networking.

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 Background and Literature Review

Background and Literature Review

 Overview of over and under Voltage.

 Causes of Over Voltage
 Causes of under Voltage
 Literature Review

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 Over voltage

 Increase in voltage for the very short time is called as the

over voltage. It is also known as the voltage surge or
voltage transients.
 The voltage stress caused by over voltage can damage the
supply mains.
 This over voltage can damage the electrical loads,
electronic devices and circuits, electrical and electronic
equipment connected to the supply mains.

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 Over voltage
 The ACsupply voltage waveform with over voltage is
shown in Fig below.

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 Under voltage
 Under voltage is defined as a condition where the applied voltage
drops to 90% of rated voltage, or less, for at least 1 minute.
 Low - voltage conditions occur when a facility asks for more
power than the line can deliver.
 The AC supply voltage waveform with under voltage is
shown in Fig below.

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 Causes of over voltage
 Direct lightening Stroke
 Over Voltage due to Lightning Discharge that Occur Close
to the Line accidental Contact to High-Voltage Circuits.
 Over voltages Due to Poor Voltage Regulation

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 Causes of under voltage

 Closing and Opening of Circuit Breakers

 Due to Fault
 Due to Motor Starting
 Due to Transformer Energizing
 Equipment Failure
 Bad Weather and Pollution (Lightning strikes, Flash over,
etc.)
 Construction Activity(damage to underground
 Cables

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 Literature Review
 Singh et al., (2019) presented a microcontroller-based
overvoltage and under voltage for electrical loads. .
 They introduced microcontroller based over voltage and under
voltage protection of domestic appliances and monitoring them
through GSM.
 They used an ATmega32 microcontroller and a Sim 900A GSM
module to implement the system
 This triggering mechanism has been implemented and tested
successfully.

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 Cont…

 Savita et al., (2018), proposed a protection of electrical

appliance from under and over voltage supply.
 The objective of their study was to design a system that
monitors and provides a break-point based low and high
voltage tripping mechanism that prevents load damage and
warns the user whenever an under-voltage or over-voltage
condition arises.

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Methodology

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 METHODOLOGY

 For successful completion of this project some steps will be

followed to carry out different tasks.

Revised
Identify System Software
literature and
problem model design design
data collection

Hardware
implementation

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Project Development Stages

 Choosing Microcontroller
 Circuit Design
 Components Procurement
 Soldering
 Testing for Connectivity & Issues
 PCB Printing
 Coding
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 Block diagram
 Block diagram of the project

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 Preliminary Result

 The tripping mechanism we will design for

protection of electrical devices from under voltage
and over voltage isolates or disconnects the load from
the supply
 It involves three conditions
 For normal condition.
 For over voltage condition.
 For under voltage condition.
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 CONT…

For normal condition.

 Any voltage value between 180-230V is considered to
be normal operating voltage range for this tripping
mechanism.
 When a supply voltage of 218V is given to the load, the
microcontroller sends a signal to the LCD which shows
the voltage value and the status ‘OK

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 CONT…

For Over Voltage condition.

 Any voltage value above 230V is considered to be over
voltage for this tripping mechanism.
 When a supply voltage of 235V is given to the load, the
microcontroller sends a signal which trips the relay and
disconnects the load from the supply.
 At the same time, it sends a signal to the GSM module
which sends a message to a specified number that an
over voltage has occurred. The LCD also shows the over
voltage value and the status

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 CONT…

For Under Voltage condition.

 Any voltage value below 180V is considered to be under voltage for
this tripping mechanism
 When a supply voltage of 177V is given to the load, the
microcontroller sends a signal which trips the relay and disconnects
the load from the supply.
 At the same time, it sends a signal to the GSM module which sends
a message to a specified number that an under voltage has occurred.
The LCD also shows the undervoltage value and the status

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 CONCLUSION

 Different domestic and industrial uses require variations

in the availability of AC mains. There is a risk of
electronic devices and electrical loads being affected,
which are very susceptible to these fluctuations.
therefore, a need for a tripping device that prevents
these loads from being damaged.
 Increase in voltage for the very short time is called as
the over voltage. It is also known as the voltage surge or
voltage transients.
 Under voltage is defined as a condition where the
applied voltage drops to 90% of rated voltage, or less,
for at least 1 minute.

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 References
 Singh, R., Kumar, R., Shabbir, H., & Zahid, A. (2019). Over/Under Voltage Tripping Circuit
for Distributed System Load with GSM alert using Microcontroller. International Journal of
Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(9), 1335–1339.
https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.i8185.078919

 Rama Mohan, P., Neeli Mallikarjuna, A. P., & Niteesh Kumar, K. (2020). A Novel Over
Voltage and Under Voltage Protecting Systemfor Industrial and Domestic Applications.
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 5(10), 885–889.
www.ijisrt.com

 Tung, D. D., & Khoa, N. M. (2019). An Arduino-Based System for Monitoring and Protecting
Overvoltage and Undervoltage. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 9(3),
4255–4260. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2832

 Savita, Shrivastava, S., Arora, A., & Varshney, V. (2018). Overvoltage and undervoltage
protection of load using GSM modem SMS alert. 2018 2nd IEEE International Conference on
Power Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems, ICPEICES 2018, 249–252.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPEICES.2018.8897428

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Thank You

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