Maxillary Central Incisors

Zara Denisse Garcia Mardred Marcelo

Maxillary Central Incisors

Permanent Notation
Left Central Incisor Right Central Incisor

Palmer s Notation

FDI (Universal) Two-Digit

11

21

Deciduous Notation
Left Central Incisor Right Central Incisor

Palmer s Notation

FDI (Universal) Two-Digit

61

51

Chronology
First evidence of calcification
3-4 mo

Enamel completed

4-5 yr

Eruption

7-8 yr

Root completed

10 yr

General Characteristics
They are the largest incisors and the most prominent teeth in the mouth.

Labial Aspect (Crown)

Is the longest tooth inciso-gingivally of all human tooth crowns, averaging to 10.5 mm; although sometimes a mandibular canine may appear to be a slightly longer overall, averaging to about 11 mm.

10.5

11

Labial Aspect (Crown)

Is by far the widest mesio-distally of all four incisors.

8.5

Labial Aspect (Crown)

The crown is narrowest in the cervical third and broadens as it approaches the incisal third. So the geometric outline of the crown is that of a trapezoid .

Labial Aspect (Crown)

The incisal margin of the newly erupted, unworn tooth reveals 3 tubercles, called mamelons. The central is the smallest while the two beside it are approximately equal. These mamelons soon wear off, giving a straight regular incisal edge.

Labial Aspect (Crown)

The cervical line, which is seen as the border between the crown and the root of the tooth, is closer to the apex of the root in the center of the tooth. This makes the cervical line appear as a semicircle in shape.

Labial Aspect (Crown)

The mesial outline of the tooth is straight or slightly convex, whereas the distal outline is much more convex.

Labial Aspect (Crown)

The mesial and incisal sides of the tooth join at a nearly right angle. The distoincisal corner is somewhat obtuse and is more rounded than the mesioincisal angle.

Labial Aspect (Root)

Labially, The root is cone-shaped with a blunt apex. Although there is a large amount of variation between people, the length of the root is usually 2 3 mm longer than the length of the crown.

Lingual Aspect (Crown)

It is narrower than the labial aspect due to the convergence of the proximal surfaces lingually. The cervical line is similar to that of the labial side. It has convexities and concavities.

Lingual Aspect (Crown)

The Cingulum
Smooth large convexity immediately below the cervical line. Usually well developed and is located off-center toward the distal side. Therefore, it lies distal to the root axis line.

Lingual Aspect (Crown)

Lingual Fossa
It is a broad concave depression in the central portion of the lingual surface, immediately incisal to the to the cingulum. It is bounded by the mesial distal marginal ridges and the incisal ridge. It varies in depth, in some teeth it is shallow; in others, deep.

Lingual Aspect (Crown)

Marginal Ridges
Mesial and distal marginal ridges vary in prominence from one person to another. The mesial marginal ridge is longer than the distal marginal ridge. They converge at the cingulum and extended to the incisal incisal ridge.

Lingual Aspect (Root)

The lingual surfaces of the root is convex and is narrower mesio-distally than the labial surface due to the lingual convergence of the proximal sides. It is flattened on the mesial with a longitudinal depression and convex on the distal like the labial side.

Mesial Aspect (General Shape)

The geometric outline is a wedge-shaped or triangular crown with its base at the cervix and the apex at the incisal ridge. May sometimes appear chisel-shaped.

Mesial Aspect (Labial Outline)

Convex at the cervical third, slightly convex or nearly flat in the middle and incisal thirds. The crest of curvature, or the greatest bulge , is in the cervical third just incisal to the cervical line.

Mesial Aspect (Lingual Outline)

Convex over the cingulum, concave at the mesial marginal ridge, and slightly convex at the incisal ridge. The crest of curvature is on the cingulum.

Mesial Aspect (Incisal Outline)

The incisal outline is in line with the root axis. It is rarely labial to the root axis and occasionally lingual to it.

Mesial Aspect (Cervical Outline)

The cervical line from this view curves tremendously toward the incisal. The cervical curvature on the mesial surface of surface of maxillary central incisor is greater than any surface on any other tooth.

Mesial Aspect (Root)

Thick and wide at the cervix and tapers evenly to a rounded apex. It is somewhat flattened with a longitudinal depression in the middle third.

Distal Aspect (Crown)

Similar to the mesial aspect but with little differences. It appear somewhat thicker toward the incisal third. The distal curvature of the cervical line is less in extent than on the mesial aspect.

Distal Aspect (Root)

Similar to the shape from the mesial aspect except: Its surface is convex rather than flattened. It does not have a depression.

Incisal Aspect
The crown is roughly triangular with somewhat curved labial outline forming the base and the proximal sides converge toward the cingulum. The crown is wider mesiodistally than faciolingually .

Incisal Aspect
The cingulum cingulum is located off-center to distal. The labial contour usually appears broad and convex but sometimes may be nearly flat.

Incisal Aspect
The incisal incisal edge is edge is 1 .5 -2 mm thick. The lingual fossa is seen as broad concavity between the two marginal ridges.

Interproximal Contacts
Mesially
The central incisors touch in the incisal third of the teeth.

Distally
Near the junction of the incisal and the middle third; it is more cervical than the mesial side.

Interproximal Contacts

Occlusion
The central incisors are usually located facially to the mandibular teeth when the mouth is closed.

Occlusion
In instances when the maxillary anterior teeth are lingual to the mandibular teeth, the condition is referred to as an anterior crossbite.

Occlusion
When the teeth are biting down, the maxillary central incisors occlude with the mandibular central and lateral incisors. The contact point of the mandibular teeth is in the lingual fossa of the maxillary central incisor about 4 mm gingivally from the incisal edge. In this position, the maxillary incisors cover nearly half of the mandibular incisors' crowns.

Occlusion
When the maxillary and mandibular incisors do not contact even when the mouth is fully closed, an anterior open bite occurs. This misalignment of teeth may result from some habits, such as thumb-sucking.

Occlusion
On the other hand, when the contact of the mandibular incisors to the maxillary incisors is near or completely on the gingiva, a deep bite occurs.

END