Iceland

Mafer Ramirez
Natalia Ramirez
 Location
Iceland country is  located in the North Atlantic Ocean. Lying on the constantly active geologic
border between North America and Europe, Iceland is a land of vivid contrasts of climate,
geography, and culture. Sparkling glaciers, such as Vatna Glacier (Vatnajökull), Europe’s
largest, lie across its ruggedly beautiful mountain ranges; abundant hot geysers provide heat for
many of the country’s homes and buildings and allow for hothouse agriculture year-round; and
the offshore Gulf Stream provides a surprisingly mild climate for what is one of the
northernmost inhabited places on the planet.
Table of contents
1 2
History People
Ethnic groups and
Early history
languages

3 4
Government
Economy
and society
 1
History
Early history
History

Iceland was founded more than 1,000

years ago during the Viking age of
exploration and settled by a mixed Norse
and Celtic population. The early
settlement, made up primarily of
Norwegian seafarers and adventurers,
fostered further excursions to Greenland
and the coast of North America.
 2
People
 People
Historians differ on the
exact origin and ethnic
composition of the
settlers but agree that
between 60 and 80
percent of them were of
Nordic stock from 
Norway. 
The dominant language
in the period of
settlement was 
Old Norse, the language
spoken in Norway at the
time. 

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Government
and society
 Constitutional
framework
Iceland’s constitution, which
was adopted in 1944,
established a  Security
parliamentary democracy with
a directly elected president as
head of state.
Local government
Local government in Iceland is
chiefly responsible for 
primary education, municipal
services, and the
administration of social
programs.
With the exception of a small 
coast guard, Iceland does not
have military forces. However,
in 1949 it became a charter
member of the 
North Atlantic Treaty Organizati
on (NATO)
.
Education
Almost all schools from
the primary level
through the university
are free.
Economy
The Icelandic economy is
based heavily on fishing
and the production of a
broad variety of fish
products
 Services

Labour and Featuring a

Agriculture
and fishing
As is the case throughout the
Nordic countries, less than 5
percent of Iceland’s
population is engaged in
agriculture, and this number
continues to decline.
breathtaking natural
taxation landscape
The central
government receives a
major portion of its
income from a value-
added tax and a
progressive income tax
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