Management

of
Diabetes Mellitus

(How to educate in community settings)

Presented by:
Camille Honeyleith L. Fernando
Can diabetes
be cured?
 Glucose control

Medications
Diet
Exercise
Through Euglycemia and prevention of complications
 DietComposition
 Carbohydrates: 50-55% of daily diet
 Protein: 15 – 20% of daily diet
 Fats: No more than 10% of total calories from saturated fats
 Fiber: 2 0 to 35 grams/day; promotes intestinal motility and gives
feeling of fullness
 Sodium: recommended intake 1000 mg per 1000 kcal
 Sweeteners approved by FDA instead of refined sugars
 Limited use of alcohol: potential hypoglycemic effect of insulin and oral
hypoglycemics

By: American Diabetes Association

IDAHO PLATE METHOD
IDAHO PLATE METHOD
 Meal Plan
considerations
-Food preferences
-Lifestyle
-Schedule
-Ethnic /Cultural Background
 Small frequent meals
 CONSISTENCY!
 Time
 Snacks
Exercise
How Important Is Exercise?
 How Much Exercise Do You Need?

At least two and a half hours

moderate to vigorous intensity
physical activity per week

Resistance exercise such as

lifting LIGHT pound weights

Incorporate flexibility
exercises, like stretching or
yoga into your weekly
routine. BY: American Diabetes Association
Talk to MD first
Regular vs. sporadic
Best time = 60-90 minutes after a
meal
Carry a quick source of sugar
Keep a log
Stay hydrated
Warm up and cool down
Dress appropriately
Breathe normally
Start slow 
Carry a phone
Pharmacological Management
ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS

Glimepiride Glifozins
METFORMIN Glipizide METFORMIN Miglitol
DDP-inhibitors Acarbose
AVANDIA AVANDIA
Januvia
Side Effects of OHA’s
INSULIN
 GOOD TO KNOW
 There are different types
of insulin depending on how quickly they
work, when they peak, and how long they
last.
 Insulin is available in different strengths;
the most common is U-100.
 Insulin can be administered
subcutaneously, intravenous or via infusion
pump.
 Characeteristics of Insulin
Onset-- is the length of time before insulin reaches the
bloodstream and begins lowering blood sugar.

Peaktime-- is the time during which insulin is at maximum

strength in terms of lowering blood sugar.

Duration-- is how long insulin continues to lower blood

glucose.
 Rapid-acting insulin

Regular or short-acting insulin

Intermediate-acting insulin

Long-acting
insulin

Ultra long-acting
 Glucose control

Medications
Diet Exercise
….TRY NON-COMPLIANCE
Camille Honeyleith L. Fernando, RN,MSN