1414-2 BLUETOOTH IEEE 802.

15
Bluetooth is a wireless LAN technology designed to connect devices of different functions such as telephones, notebooks, computers, cameras, printers, coffee makers, and so on. A Bluetooth LAN is an ad on. hoc network, which means that the network is formed spontaneously. spontaneously. Topics discussed in this section:
Architecture Bluetooth Layers Baseband Layer L2CAP
14.1

Figure 14.19 Piconet

14.2

Figure 14.20 Scatternet

14.3

Figure 14.21 Bluetooth layers

14.4

Radio Layer


The radio layer is roughly equivalent to the physical layer of the Internet model. Bluetooth devices are low-power and have a range of 10 m.

14.5

Baseband Layer


The baseband layer is roughly equivalent to the MAC sub layer in LANs. The access method is TDMA

14.6

Figure 14.22 Single-secondary communication

14.7

Figure 14.23 Multiple-secondary communication

14.8

Figure 14.24 Frame format types

14.9

Frame Format
Access code- This 72-bit field normally contains synchronization bits and the identifier of the primary to distinguish the frame of one piconet from another.  Header-This 54-bit field is a repeated I8bit pattern.  Each pattern has the following subfields


14.10

Sub Fields in Frame Format



Address- The 3-bit address subfield can define up to seven secondaries (l to 7). If the address is zero, it is used for broadcast communication from the primary to all secondaries. Type- The 4-bit type subfield defines the type of data coming from the upper layers. F- This 1-bit subfield is for flow control. When set (1), it indicates that the device is unable to receive more frames (buffer is full). A- This 1-bit subfield is for acknowledgment. Bluetooth uses Stop-and-Wait ARQ; 1 bit is sufficient for acknowledgment.

14.11

Frame Format
 

S- This 1-bit subfield holds a sequence number. Bluetooth uses Stop-and-Wait ARQ; 1 bit is sufficient for sequence numbering. HEC- The 8-bit header error correction subfield is a checksum to detect errors in each 18-bit header section. Payload- This subfield can be 0 to 2740 bits long. It contains data or control information coming from the upper layers.

14.12

L2CAP Layer


 

 

The Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol, or L2CAP, is roughly equivalent to the LLC sub layer in LANs. The 16-bit length field defines the size of the data, in bytes, coming from the upper layers. Data can be up to 65,535 bytes. The channel ID (CID) defines a unique identifier for the virtual channel created at this level The L2CAP has specific duties: multiplexing, segmentation and reassembly, quality of service (QoS), and group management.

14.13

Figure 14.25 L2CAP data packet format

14.14

Data Link Layer Switching

14.15

Figure 15.1 Five categories of connecting devices

14.16

Figure 15.5 A bridge connecting two LANs

14.17

A bridge does not change the physical (MAC) addresses in a frame. A bridge has a table used in filtering decisions.

14.18

Figure 15.6 A learning bridge and the process of learning

14.19

Figure 15.7 Loop problem in a learning bridge

14.20

Figure 15.9 Finding the shortest paths and the spanning

tree in a system of bridges

14.21