CREATIVE

THINKING
AND
PROBLEM
SOLVING
Department of Fundamental and
Interdisciplinary Studies | 2020

Creative
Thinking
& Problem
Solving
UN GS 2 0 11
al-Fatihah
 Relationship
between Creativity
and
Quranic
Worldview

Prepared by Dr. Shamila Abu Hasan

What is “The process of realizing, applying
or elaborating Divine Principles and Ideals at any given
Creativity? time or place, to meet the challenges that arise, in all
spheres of life.” (wahida Yousif (1999)

“The ability of designing new forms that are beneficial

for humanity and are in accordance with
the Islamic  Shari’ah  and principles.”(Al-Mazeidy (1993)

“It is a complex cognitive activity which involves

creating something new or original” (Feldhusen, JF (2002).
 ISLAM ARAB PRE-ISLAM

Qur’an Diwan al-’Arab (Records of the Arabs)

Reading Feeling

ISLAM Evidence Poetry (atlal)

and Arab Sound thinking styles Imagination (kinayah, isti‘rah)

Pre-Islam Reality and facts Virtual space, myths and stories

Thinking
acts Thoughts separated from acts

Tawhid (Oneness of Allah) Tribe worldview

The Prophet • Loves it
• Search for it
• Nurture it
• Encourage it
• Apply it
CREATIVITY • Guide it
ASPECTS OF
MUSLIM
CREATIVITY

 Multi-faceted activity
 Multi-dimensional
cognitive ability
 Related to Human
Role (Khalifah)
 Community
 Reality
 Problem solving
 Moral Value
Objectives of Creativity
• To please Allah by using
His bounties and serving
His servants.
• To produce
• To reform
• To Improvise
• To eliminate
 5
1

AQIDAH (TAWHID)
2

WORSHIP (‘IBADAH)
3

SHARI’AH
(LAWS)
Knowledge
4

AKHLAQ
5 Foundations
 Replacement Method
__________
Creative Tool
Paper- making
Linen Rag fiber Papyrus
technology
____________________
__
bark of the Other bust fibre
In the battle of Tallas in mulberry Materials
(751) between Muslims
and Chinese. The Chinese
prisoners gained his life
by revealing the process
of papermaking to the Replacement process and the paper-making technology
Muslims. are types of the creativity.
 Relationship between Creativity
and Quranic Worldview

Quran talks about truth and provides evidence.

Creativity must inline with value and novel.

The relationship between the two is very strong and essential.

Quran is a Book of miracle and magnificent, which focus on creativity, is for a
very creative creature that is man.

Words in the Quran require man to use his creativity to understand it based on
guidance and truth. To know about truth, we also need creativity to find the
dimensions of creations.

That’s the relationship.

 Relationship between Creativity
and Quranic Worldview cont’d…
The advanced development and
rapid evolution of societies in the
twenty first century require
increasingly complex modes of
thinking and progressive ingenuity
for advancing life
 Relationship between Creativity
and Quranic Worldview cont’d…
• However, the role of religion and
divine creativity are largely ignored
in human creative activities.
• The creative power of God should
lead Muslims to reflect on the
paramount importance of creativity
in addressing socio-economic,
political and religious issues within
the society.
Creativity
Basically it is a searching for alternatives

If we are creative, we try to search many options in

our life.

More than one option.

 Creativity
1
Ability to generate ideas
4
2 Imam al-Ghazaly : creative
helps us to solve and ability comprises acquired
address humanity’s skills and natural
multifarious problems. disposition

Creativity
5
3
Western: isolation of
Western: regard it as
God as the Endower of
an acquired skill rather
the natural disposition.
innate.
6
God as the Originator,
Designer and Creator of
everything.
 Literally, creativity is defined as an
1. Creativity ability to generate ideas.
Technically, it is considered as
ability to create or generate new
ideas and new interpretations that are
meaningful and go beyond
traditional ideas and thought.

Fundamentally, knowledge is
essential for the smooth running of
the society and creativity is essential
for useful knowledge.
 Bloom
Taxonomy
is a hierarchical ordering of
cognitive skills that can,
among countless other uses,
help teachers teach and
students learn.
• Knowledge: in the class, listen to the lesson, acquire the
knowledge.
• Understanding: understand the knowledge
• Application: learn mathematic, go and apply when you
buy stuff, you know how much to pay according to the
price and how much balance will you get back. Teorem
Phythagoras.
• Analysis: compare and contrast, if I pray what do I get,
otherwise what do I lost, analyze beyond this world
• Synthesis: organization of thoughts, ideas and
information from the content. The combination of
components or elements to form a connected whole.
• Evaluation: criticize, evaluate, consider, critique,
recommend
02. Creativity
Since knowledge enables man to
distinguish between right and wrong,
creativity helps him/her solve and
address humanity’s multifarious
problems.

Do men think that they will be left alone on saying, "We believe",
and that they will not be tested?

al-Ankabut: 2
02. cont’d… However, the role of divine
creativity is neglected in human
Creativity creativity. Hence, it is essential to
priorities and integrate the divine
creativity with human creativity for
effective maximization of socio-
economic prosperity.
 Western Cognitive Psychology
03. Creativity regards creativity as an acquired skill
rather innate.

Imam al-Ghazaly was of the view

that man’s creative ability comprises
acquired skills and natural
disposition.
 In Islamic perspective,
04. Creativity
God as the Originator, Designer and
Creator of everything.

He is the authority for the creative

ability of man in piloting the affairs
of the earth within the divine rules
and systems.
 Strong recognition of God as the
05. Creativity Ultimate Supreme Authority and
Originator of human creativity,
thinking reasoning and rational
ability.

Muslim Misconception of Creativity,
Innovation and Critical Thinking
The Issue of Bid’ah
(innovation)
Instead of making a distinction
between innovation in religious
matters and mundane affairs, it
is assumed that innovation is
un-Islamic in religious and
mundane matters.
.

Muslim Misconception of Creativity,
Innovation and Critical Thinking
The Issue of Bid’ah
(innovation)
‫كل بدعة ضاللة وكل ضاللة في النار‬
Hadith of the Prophet: “… It is unto
you regarding the innovation
because all unprecedented affairs
are innovation and every innovation
is mischievous”.
 The Issue of Bid’ah (innovation)
In Islam, God is the Creator of the
Universe. Islam agrees creativity is as an
instrument in the implementation and
application of Islamic precepts in
mundane affairs.

Muslim Misconception of Creativity,

Critical thinking in addressing
Innovation and Critical Thinking multifarious socio-economic challenges is
interrelated with innovation.
 The Issue of Bid’ah
(innovation)
.

Muslim scholars have understood the

above hadith as categorically repudiating
innovation in religious affairs.

Muslim Misconception of Creativity,

Innovation and Critical Thinking
 The Issue of Bid’ah
(innovation)
The prophet (pbuh) was not against
to creative and innovative thoughts,
ideas and practices as
acknowledged through his
Muslim Misconception of Creativity,
Innovation and Critical Thinking interactions with his compatriots.
 The Issue of Bid’ah
(innovation)
The prophet (pbuh) was not against
to creative and innovative thoughts,
ideas and practices as
acknowledged through his
interactions with his compatriots.
Dhab
(spiny-tailed
Lizard).
In the event
Muslim Misconception of Creativity, where sahabah ate
Innovation and Critical Thinking Dhab,

Muslim Misconception of Creativity,
Innovation and Critical Thinking
The Issue of Bid’ah
(innovation)
Thus, narrow-minded usage of
the term of bid’ah and ijtihad
lead to the unreasonable
marginalization of generating
new ideas as well as considering
creative ideas as heresy. (Umar
Faruq Abd-Allah, 2006).
 The Issue of Bid’ah
(innovation)
The intellectual activity of
contemporary Muslims portrays the
myopic assumption of non-Muslims
Muslim Misconception of Creativity,
Innovation and Critical Thinking
as regard to their lack of creativity.
The Creative Power of
God and Creativity in
Understanding the
Existence of Creator
Golden Age of Islam
The medieval Islamic civilization
between the ninth and fourteenth
centuries produced countless creative
minds (Chamberlain, 1994).
 My
Map
Tabula
Rogeriana
____________

My
Worldview
Al-Idrisi (1099-1166)
 0
“if no number appears
in the place of tens in a
calculation, a little circle
should be used "to keep
Zero of India (śūnya the rows". This circle
) needs to play a was called ṣifr”
role
_________
Al-Khawarizmi
Concern
Intuitive 0 and numeral 0
IBN
al-Haytham
(d. 1040)

“The father of
modern optics”
 Contributions &
Works Methods References
Discoveries
• Al- • Philosophy of • Critique of • Qur’an
The CREATIVE Muqaddimah History Narration • Sunnah
(prolegomena) • Economics • Comparison • Al- ‘Umran
Introduction (400 pages- • Umran Science • Testing • 422 Scholarly
drafted in 6 • History of • Systematic Works in
months) Science Observation Muqaddimah
• Kitab al- ‘Ibar
The • Al-Lubab
• Islamic
Education
• Contemplation
• Deep Sharp
• Muslim’s &
Foreign
MUQADDIMAH • Shifa’ Sa’il Theory.
• Legal Politics
reasoning Sources

Ibn Khaldum • Islamic

Mysticism
(d. 1406)
 LENGTH 600 pages
DURATIONS 6 months (Bani Salama village)
REFERENCES
Around 420 references (Muslim non-
Muslim)
History, geography, politics, economics,
COVERED SUBJECTS education, sociology, history of sciences,
arts,
The CREATIVE More then 1500 (books and articles)
Introduction RESEARCH WORKS

GOOGLE ENTRY
1,050,000 (Ibn Khaldun)
37,600,000 (Ibn khaldoun)
TRANSLATIONS
French, English, Urdu, Malay, Turkish,
German etc.
ACHIEVEMENT
New science, new theories, new perspective
of studying human society.
IBN KHALDUN’S SCAMPER
S Substitute
C Combine it with something history/ politics/ economy/learning
else
A Adapt something to it
M Modify or Magnify it
P Put it to some other use
E Eliminate something
R Reverse or rearrange it
Aristotelian logics with natural
thinking
Maqasid theory for ‘umran study
Methodology of History
Geography for human development/
biology for human civilization cycles
Philosophy
Civilization is a disintegration
state of ‘Umran
The Creative Power of
God and Creativity in
Understanding the Ijtihad
Existence of Creator
The concept of ijtihad is considered
a mechanism for the creative
adaptation and expansion of Islamic
Law in order to creatively solve
multifarious problems (Jamal Badi
and Mustapha Tajdin, 2004).
e.g smoking
Refer to:
http://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/umat-islam-h
arus-hormat-fatwa-pengharaman-rokok-195175
 The very basic understanding in
The Creative Power of creativity is to believe on the existence of
God and Creativity in the Creator.
Understanding the
Existence of Creator Natural creation, as well as human
innovative thinking, are integral to
understanding the existence of God.

Who believe in the Unseen, are steadfast in prayer, and spend

out of what We have provided for them.

Al-Baqarah:3
The Creative Power of
God and Creativity in
Understanding the
Existence of Creator
Although the human potential and
creativity contributed to the
development of modern science and
technology, God appears to have
been ignored as the sole endower
of human creative potential.
The Creative Power of
God and Creativity in
Understanding the
Existence of Creator
In several Quranic verses, Allah has
instructed human beings to utilize their
minds and skills to advance human
endeavor in all spheres.

Behold! in this is a sign for those who believed.

Al-Hijr:75
The Creative Power of
God and Creativity in
Understanding the The Quran is an inspiring force and
Existence of Creator
the fundamental basis of creativity.
It affirms the different names of
Allah among which He is the
Creator.
Hence, the creative power is
inherent in God: “And (all) the
most beautiful names belong to
Allah, so call on Him by them” (al-
A’raf:180).
The Creative Power of
God and Creativity in Among the divine attributes is God
Understanding the as Originator:
Existence of Creator

To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earth: When He
decreeth a matter, He saith to it: "Be," and it is.
(al-Baqarah:117).

To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earth:
How can He have a son when He hath no consort? He created
all things, and He hath full knowledge of all things
(al An’am:101)
 Manifestations of the Divine
Creativity in the Qur’an and the
Interpretation of Scholars

The verse explicitly

03 This is the uniqueness of
01
demonstrates that Allah is the creative power of
the Primal Origin (al- God as the Originator of
badi’) of the Heavens and
the earth (Muhammad
the Universe (Abdul
Rashid bin Ali Ridha). Rahman bin Abi Bakar
as-Suyuti, 2003).
.

The implication of al-Baqarah:117 is

02
that the creation and existence of the
universe were not copied.
.
WRONG CONCEPT Manifestations of
the Divine RIGHT CONCEPT
Deep reflection of existence
Creativity in the and creation concludes that the
Universe universe
All creatures on cannot exist by chance but that a
the earth are Creator
here by chance. creates the universe.
 Qur’an Gifts
Manifestations
of the Divine
Creativity in the
Universe
And in the creation of yourselves and
the fact that animals are scattered
(through the earth), are Signs for
those of assured Faith. (al-
Jaathiyah:4)
Animal in the Quran
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nhk0G0AJwCE
 Qur’anHuman
Gifts
organ’s signify various signs
Manifestations of God which point to the fact that,
of the Divine Almighty God created man with
Creativity in the
Human Beings wisdom.
 Man We did create from a quintessence (of clay);
Manifestations
of the Divine
Creativity in the
Human Beings Then We placed him as (a drop of) sperm in a place of rest,
firmly fixed;
Surah al-Mukminun:
12-14

Then We made the sperm into a clot of congealed blood; then of

that clot We made a (foetus) lump; then we made out of that
lump bones and clothed the bones with flesh; then we
developed out of it another creature. So blessed be Allah, the
best to create!
 Qur’anTheGifts
secular notion of human creation
Manifestations
of the Divine
Creativity in the ascribes the creation of man to animals,
Human Beings which directly or indirectly condemns the
existence of God (Iskafi Muhammad bin
Abdullah, 1991).
Darwin Evolution Theory
Manifestations of the Divine Creativity in the
Human Beings
Man does not metamorphosize from ape
to
human being as posited in some Western
studies. Rather man is the progeny of
Prophet Adam created by Allah (Haqil Ih-
san, 1986).
Manifestations of the Divine Creativity in the Human Beings

Behold, thy Lord said to the angels: "I will create a vicegerent on
earth." They said: "Wilt Thou place therein one who will make
mischief therein and shed blood?- whilst we do celebrate Thy
praises and glorify Thy holy (name)?" He said: "I know what ye
know not.“
Al-Baqarah:30
Manifes Tafsir Surah asSajdah: 7-9
tations of
the
Divine .
Creativi
ty in the He Who has made everything which He has created most good:
He began the creation of man with (nothing more than) clay,
Human
Beings

And made his progeny from a quintessence of the nature of a

fluid despised:

But He fashioned him in due proportion, and breathed into him

something of His spirit. And He gave you (the faculties of)
hearing and sight and feeling (and understanding): little thanks
do ye give!
Manifestations of the Divine Creativity in the Human Beings

Tafsir Surah asSajdah 7-9

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTnrYv1RTho

Please view this video in order to understand the creativity of Allah

in the creation of man.
Divine Creativity and Meditation in Implementing
Prophet Muhammad’s Creative Ideas

Since creativity is related to the

generation of useful ideas that could
bring about positive progress in
social, economic, political, religious
and cultural affairs, Islam plays an
essential role in the enhancement of
creative thinking skills on the basis of
divine creativity.
 Divine Creativity and Meditation in Implementing Prophet Muhammad’s
Creative Ideas

The Qur’an embodies creativity. The Prophets were cre-

ative in
their delivery of the divine message.

The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) faced many afflictions,

inflic-
tions, predicaments and challenges for which he engaged
in
creative ways to address the social and spiritual problems
or
 Divine Creativity and Meditation in Implementing Prophet Muhammad’s
Creative Ideas

The creative ability of the Prophet (pbuh) is reflected in

his
political strength in establishing an Islamic community
and his
religious and political leadership.
 Qur’an Gifts
Divine Creativity
and Meditation
The initial political creativity of the
Prophet (pbuh) is reflected in his
in Implementing strategy for conflict resolution among
Prophet various tribes.
Muhammad’s Deciding who should return the black
Creative Ideas – stone (hajar aswad) to its place. He
the decision to used his creativity and wisdom by
return the Hajar spreading this cloak on the floor to put
Aswad to its the stone on so that representative from
place. each tribe could carry each corner, thus
preventing conflict over the matter.
He was 35 years old during that time, 5
years before his nubuwwah.
The Prophet and Creativity

C r e a t i v i t y t o s a v e l i v e s
 Implication of Divine Creativity and Prophetic Creativity on
the Teaching and Learning of Islamic Revealed Knowledge

Knowledge is a Prophet Adam It is shown in the Quran:

prerequisite for utilized different
objectives for his
innovative and
creative thinking benefits and
skills. benefits of his
environment.
that Allah taught
Prophet Adam (as) the
names of different
things which gave him
the ability to learn and
teach others.
Implication of Divine
Creativity and Prophetic
Creativity on the Teaching
and Learning of Islamic
Revealed Knowledge
And He taught Adam the nature of all things;
then He placed them before the angels, and
said: "Tell me the nature of these if ye are
right.“

Al-Baqarah:31
Implication of Divine Creativity is essential in teaching
Creativity and Prophetic
Creativity on the Teaching and learning of Islamic revealed
and Learning of Islamic knowledge for the relevancy to all
Revealed Knowledge human endeavors.
The status of traditional teaching
and learning of Islamic education
are deficient in creativity.
Implication of Divine
Creativity and Prophetic Some Muslims have misconstrued
Creativity on the Teaching the concept of creativity,
and Learning of Islamic
Revealed Knowledge innovation and critical thinking and
confused them with bid’ah
(restricted, narrow-minded and
negative)
 Adz-Dzaariyaat:56
Implication of Divine He is endowed with the faculty of
Creativity and Prophetic thought and imagination in order to
Creativity on the Teaching
and Learning of Islamic search for creative solutions to the
Revealed Knowledge challenges he faces in his attempt to
fulfil his responsibility as vicegerent.
The divine and prophetic creativity
could be used in fostering creativity in
the teaching and learning of Islamic
revealed knowledge among the
Muslims.
 What is the
simplest way to
Think Creatively solve the problems
faced by the
Ummah of Islam
today?
Jazakum Allah Khayran
Kathira
 Jazakum Allah Khayran
ila…
(besides our main sources)
http://
courses.aiu.edu/CRITICAL%20THINKING/4/SESSION%204%20COM
PLEX%20THINKING.pdf

https://www.migaotours.net/?linkid=Safaris&sec=Northern_Circuit

https://
www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/07/emperor-penguins-may-disappear-e
nd-century
 Jazakum Allah Khayran
ila…
(besides our main sources) https
://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_(anatomy)#/
media/File:Internal_organs.png

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTnrYv1RTho

https://pixabay.com/illustrations/brain-think-human-idea-20424/

https://
www.amazon.com/Lorigun-Fake-Single-Flower-Simulation/dp/B0731J1
7Y2

http://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/umat-islam-harus-hormat-fat
wa-pengharaman-rokok-195175
 Jazakum Allah Khayran
ila…
(besides our main sources)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTnrYv1RTho

http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Uromastyx&species=thomasi

https://honeyfortheheart.wordpress.com/allahs-names/badi-u-s-samawati-wa-l-ard-
the-originator-of-the-heavens-and-the-earth/

http://www.surah.my/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nhk0G0AJwCE
 Jazakum Allah Khayran
ila…
(besides our main sources)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Talas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_al-Idrisi

https://
www.islamiclandmarks.com/makkah-haram-sharief/hajar-al-
aswad

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/feb/01/humans-cl
Jazakum Allah Khayran
ila…
(besides our main sources)
Jazakum Allah Khayran
ila…
(besides our main sources)
Jazakum Allah Khayran
ila…
(besides our main sources)
 Islam
Qur’an & Sunnah
Thinking
CONTENT Ijtihad
Creativity
Muslim Creativity
 FEELING

ISLAM THINKING
ACTING
ORDER
AND THE WAY
OF LIFE CIVILIZATION
EDUCATION
POLITICS
ECONOMY
ARTS
WORLDVIEW
Human THINKING • process
• reasoning
• Unknown
• Arrangement
• Imagination
• objective
• Subject
• Intuition
• Heart
• Action
• Problem
• Movement
• A Need
 Thinking • Question?

5
CREATIVITY
WORLDVIEW • Does Thinking subject to
worldview?
• What is your thinking
worldview?
• List down 20 words
formulating the essence
CLASS ACTIVITY
Minutes of your worldview.
 The Creator (Allah)

Human Nature

Order of Creation

TAWHID The view of truth & reality

A worldview 'Umran (Human Society)

Values & meanings

for Creativity Purpose of Life

Knowledge

Life After
 QUR’ANIC Tawhid Fitrah Khalifah Amanah

WORLDVIEW Islah Tafakur Taskhir Hisbah

FOR Itqan Ma’ruf Sadaqah Amal Salih

CREATIVITY
__________ Ihsan Ta‘mir Ibda‘ Ta ‘awun
Key-Terms
Ni‘mah Makhraj Yusr Hikmah
 Hidayah (guidance).
Nur (light).
Shifa’ (healing).
Bayan (clarification).
Some Maw’idah (admonishing).

Attributes Mu‘jizah (Miracle).

Bushra (Good tiding).
of the QUR’AN Furqan
Hujjah Balighah
Sultan
Burhan
Arabi
Rahamah (Mercy)
 Allah’s Attributes
QUR’AN
Self
Human
Thinking World
Domains
Horizons
Qur’an Gifts
QUR’AN There are more than 15 thinking
styles in Qur’an such as:
Human inquisitive, visual, objective,
positive, reflective, rational,
Thinking emotional, logical, analogical,
Styles metaphorical, conceptual,
intuitive, perceptual, scientific,
hypothetical, and wishful
thinking styles.
 a. Revealing the abilities and their
functions
b. Reward
c. Questioning
QUR’AN d. Provocation and challenge
MOTIVATION
to Think
e. Case-Show
f. Discourage ill form of thinking
g. Praise those who think
h. consequence of lack of thinking
i. Order of Thinking
In-QUR’AN Tafakar
tafaqah
Tadhakar
tadabr
Ta’alam
Ta’araf
Ta’aqal
Qarin

Thinking undhur I‘tabir istanbit Ta’wil

tabasur dhaz takdhib hisab
Vocabulary Ta’bir tasdiq bayan fahm
Shu ‘ur Itba ‘ nisyan Is’al
tayaqun tamthil idrak Ru’yah
taqdir Qir’ah ikhtibar dahz
In-QUR’AN
Thinking INQUISITIVE OBJECTIVE POSITIVE HYPOTHETICAL

Styles
LOGICAL NATIVE CONTEMPLATIVE VISUAL

METAPHORICAL ANALOGICAL EMOTIONAL PERCEPTUAL

INTUITIVE EMPIRICAL WISHFUL THINKING COOPERATIVE

CRITICAL EFFECTIVE SOUND EROUNOUS
 1) Obligatory ‫جب‬g
( ‫لوا‬gg‫)ا‬
2) Prohibited (g‫م‬g‫لحرا‬gg‫)ا‬
Creative
3) Recommended ‫مندوب‬
( ‫ل‬gg‫)ا‬
THINKING
Legal Values 4) Reprehensible (g‫لمكروه‬gg‫)ا‬
5) Permissible (‫لمباح‬gg‫)ا‬
 1. Darurat (necessities)? Essential Need
2. Hajiyat (Complementary Needs)
3. Tahsiniyat (embellishments)
Darurat

HUMAN-NEEDS Hajiyat
Three
Tahsiniyat
levels
 Religion (al-din

Life (al-nafs)

High Objectives of Dignity or lineage (al-’ird)

CREATIVITY
Intellect (al-’aql)

1.Property (al-mal)
Qqs. And HUMAN REASONING tak
sure coz this under topic of Question
1. Stimulating al-Fitrah to use its abilities
2. Reminding about the normal
3. Guiding and building spiritual feelings
4. Correcting false beliefs and practices
5. Motivating for knowing and understating
6. Challenging human to validate and justify wrong believes
IJTIHAD
 “Ijtihad literally means striving
or exertion; it is defined as the
total expenditure of effort by a
DEFINITION mujtahid, in order to infer, with a
degree of probability, the rules of
Shari‘ah from the detailed
evidence in the sources”
Ref. Mohammad Hashim Kamali, Shari‘ah Law: An
Introduction, London: Oneworld Publications 2008, p. p.
162-163,
 Practicing QUESTION?

5
CREATIVITY
IJTIHAD Why do we need
Ijtihad?
List all the
reasons you CLASS ACTIVITY
Minutes
know.
Recommendation of Ijtihad
Some men who were companions of Mu'adh narrated from Mu'adh
that the Messenger of Allah (‫ )ﷺ‬sent Mu'adh to Yemen, so he (‫)ﷺ‬
said:
• "How will you judge?" He said: "I will judge according to what is
in Allah's Book." He said: "If it is not in Allah's Book ?" He said:
"Then with the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (‫)ﷺ‬." He said:
"If it is not in the Sunnah of Messenger of Allah (‫ "?)ﷺ‬He said: "I
will give in my view." He said: "All praise is due to Allah, the One
Who made the messenger of the Messenger of Allah suitable.”
Ref.  Jami` at-Tirmidhi (The Chapters On Judgements From The Messenger of Allah)1327, Vol. 3,
Book 13, Hadith 1327
Recommendation of Ijtihad

• 'Amr bin 'Al-'As (May Allah be pleased with him) said:

• I heard the Messenger of Allah (‫ )ﷺ‬saying, "When a judge
utilizes his skill of judgement and comes to a right decision,
he will have a double reward, but when he uses his judgement
and commits a mistake, he will have a single reward."

[Al-Bukhari and Muslim]

“This Hadith implies that regardless of its results, ijtihad never
partakes in sin. When the necessary requirements of ijtihad
are present, the result is always meritorious and never
blameworthy”
 Mujtahid Field of Ijtiha Tools Institution

Skills Mas’alah (Problem) application method

Knowledge experience Utilization limitation

IJTIHAD evidences

Forms & styles

Time-space
(moment)
challenges
Rules

rulings
Assumptions

cases
Conceptual Terminology Verification movement Legal preference
Sketching Wisdom Framework
Convergence Divergence
(Ijma’) (Ikhtilaf Ra’y)

Qiyas Maslaha Norms Qualifications

 Domain of IJTIHAD

Work Field Methodology & Tools

1 3 5

2 4

Qualification Objectives
and abilities Problem
QUOTATION
1. Enough knowledge of Arabic.
2. Extensive comprehensive knowledge of the Abu'l-Husayn al-Basri
Qur'an and the Sunnah. (D. 436 AH/1044 )
3. Must be able to confirm the consensus (Ijma) of “Al-Mu‘tamad fi Usul al-Fiqh”
the Companions, the Successors, and the leading
Imams and mujtahideen of the past.
4. Should be able to fully understand the objectives
QUALIFICATION
of the sharia OF MUJTAHID
5. Be able to distinguish strength and weakness in IN THE DOMAIN
reasoning, or in other words exercise logic. OF
6. Must be sincere and a good person.[26] RELIGIOUS
SCIENCES
Ref: Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (1991). Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence.
Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society. pp. 374–377.
 • Question
• List down all the internal

5
OBSTACLES and external factors
which may hold you
from practicing Ijtihad
(Thinking creatively).

Minutes
 Practicing
QUESTION?

5
CREATIVITY
IJTIHAD
List down all the
internal and external
factors which may hold
you from practicing
Ijtihad (Thinking
creatively). CLASS ACTIVITY
Minutes
 MUSLIM
CREATIVITY
 “The process of realizing, applying
or elaborating Divine Principles and Ideals at any
given time or place, to meet the challenges that 
arise, in all spheres of life.” (wahida Yousif
(1999:137)) Creativity in Islamic Thought: A Comparative
Analysis. Master Thesis: International Islamic University
Malaysia.

What is Creativity? “The ability of designing new forms that are beneficial for
humanity and are in accordance with the Islamic  shari’ah 
and principles.”(Al-Mazeidy (1993, p. 306))

“It is a complex cognitive activity which involves creating

something new or original” (Feldhusen, JF (2002). Creativity: the
knowledge base and children. High Ability Studies, 13, 179–183)
 C O M P L E X O F C R E AT I V I T Y

ORIGINAL PROCESS ATTITUDE SKILLS DESIGN

PRODUCT
IDEA

RECOURSES Intellectual abilities | knowledge | thinking styles | personality | motivation | environment

‫لفظت‬ ‫القراءة‬

‫القرآن‬
‫االستعانة باهلل‬
‫الجمع‬ ‫الح ْمل‬
‫ِ‬

‫إبالغ‬ ‫التفقه‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫الوالدة‬

‫الوقت‬ ‫الطريقة‬ ‫التنسك‬ ‫الدنو‬

 ISLAMIC ARAB PRE-ISLAMIC
Qur’an Diwan al-’Arab (Records of the Arabs)
Reading Feeling
Evidence Poetry (atlal)
ISLAMIC Sound thinking styles Imagination (kinayah, isti‘rah)

and Arab Pre- Reality and facts

acts
Virtual space, myths and stories
Thoughts separated from acts

Islamic Tawhid (Oneness of Allah) Tribe worldview

Thinking
The Prophet and Creativity

C r e a t i v i t y t o s a v e l i v e s
The Prophet • Loves it
• Search for it
• Nurture it
• Encourage it
• Apply it
CREATIVITY • Guide it
THE BOAT
Limits
Of
Creativity
The prophet Yusuf (AS) & Famine in
Egypt
“He said: “You shall sow for
seven years as usual,
but that which you have
harvested, leave it in the ear,
all save a little which you
eat” (Qur’an, 12: 47)
Out of the box
ASPECTS OF MUSLIM
CREATIVITY

 Multi-faceted activity
 Multi-dimensional
cognitive ability
 Related to Human
Role (Khilafah)
 Community
 Reality
 Problem solving
 Moral Value
Objective of Creativity
• To please Allah by using
His bounties and serving
His servants.
• To produce
• To reform
• To Improvise
• To eliminate
 1

AQIDAH (TAWHID)
2

WORSHIP (‘IBADAH)
3

SHARI’AH
(LAWS)
Knowledge
4

AKHLAQ
5 Foundations
 What is the
simplest way to
solve the problems
Think Creatively faced by the
Ummah of Islam
today?
 Replace __________
Creative Tool
Paper Linen Rag fiber Papyrus
____________________
__
bark of the Other bust fibre
In the battle of Tallas in mulberry Materials
(751) between Muslims
and Chinese. The Chinese
prisoners gained his life
by revealing the process
of papermaking to the
Muslims.
 Al- ‘umdah Al-shamil Al-basit Al-kamil
Al-muntakhab Al-risalah Al-hashiya Al-muhkam
Al-gharib Al-taqrib Al-wajiz Al-tuhfah

TEXT
Al-muhit Al-muharar Al-muntaqa Al-muntakhab
Al-urjuza Al-muqaddimah Al-mutqan Al-maqsad
____________________ Al-ibanah Al-ibtihaj Al-ajwibah adab
_ Al-mughni Al-mufasal Al-arba ‘in (40) tadhkira

BOOK
Irshad Tahdhib Al- Asas Al-isti ‘ab
Al-isharat usul Al-iqtisad Al-iqna‘
Alfiyah (1000) Ta’liqah Al-awdhah sharh

My Teaching tools Al-bahir

tamhid
bahr
Al-kafi
Al-burhan
Al-jawhar
tashil
Al-hawi
Al-fawa’id Al-hujjah khulasah Al-’uddah
Al-masa’il Al-mu ‘in miftah Al-nuzhah

56
Creativity
in ART
 My
Map
____________

My
Worldview
Al-Idrisi (1099-1166)
 0
“if no number appears
in the place of tens in a
calculation, a little circle
should be used "to keep
Zero of India (śūnya the rows". This circle
) needs to play a was called ṣifr”
role
_________
Al-Khawarizmi
Concern
Intuitive 0 and numeral 0
My
Donkey
Need Rest
IBN
al-Haytham
(d. 1040)

Two Problems
led to One
Great Solution
 Contributions &
Works Methods References
Discoveries
• Al- • Philosophy of • Critique of • Qur’an
The CREATIVE Muqaddimah History Narration • Sunnah
(prolegomena) • Economics • Comparison • Al- ‘Umran
Introduction (400 pages- • Umran Science • Testing • 422 Scholarly
drafted in 6 • History of • Systematic Works in
months) Science Observation Muqaddimah
The • Kitab al- ‘Ibar • Islamic • Contemplation • Muslim’s &
• Al-Lubab
MUQADDIMAH • Shifa’ Sa’il
Education
Theory.
• Deep Sharp
reasoning
Foreign
Sources
Ibn Khaldum • Legal Politics
• Islamic
(d. 1406) Mysticism
 LENGTH 600 pages
DURATIONS 6 months (Bani Salama village)
REFERENCES
Around 420 references (Muslim non-
Muslim)
History, geography, politics, economics,
COVERED SUBJECTS education, sociology, history of sciences,
arts,
The CREATIVE More then 1500 (books and articles)
Introduction RESEARCH WORKS
(islamicus data base: ???)
GOOGLE ENTRY
1,050,000 (Ibn Khaldun)
37,600,000 (Ibn khaldoun)
TRANSLATIONS
French, English, Urdu, Malay, Turkish,
German, ……
ACHIEVEMNT
New science, new theories, new perspective
of studying human society.
IBN KHALDUN’S SCAMPER
S Substitute Aristotelian logics with natural thinking

C Combine it with history/ politics/ economy/learning

something else
A Adapt something to it Maqasid theory for ‘umran study

M Modify or Magnify it Methodology of History

P Put it to some other use Geography for human development/ biology for
human civilization cycles

E Eliminate something Philosophy/

R Reverse or rearrange it Civilization is a disintegration state of

‘Umran
Jazakum Allah Khayran
Jazakum Allah Khayran
Jazakum Allah Khayran