Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific

Research
AL-Nisour University College
Computer Engineering Techniques
Department

CNC Laser
A project submitted to:
Computer Engineering Techniques Department in AL-Nisour University College
in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of B.Sc. Engineering in
Computer Techniques.

By
Duaa taif Mhana , Omar Wathiq , Ahmed Abd Alsalam , Monkith Mohammed , Omar waleed

Supervise By
Louay Flaieh Hasan
Baghdad 2019
 ‫إهداء‬

‫• نهدي هذا الجهد المتواضع الى من سهروا الليالي وأفنوا حياتهم من‬
‫أجل الوصول الى هذه اللحظة التي يرونا فيها ونحن نشق طريقنا في‬
‫دروب الحياة والعلم ‪ ...‬آبائنا وأمهاتنا الغوالي‬
‫• الى الذين لم يبخلوا علينا من معين معرفتهم وعلمهم وكانوا كراما ً‬
‫في عطائهم‪ ...‬أستاذتنا الكر‪H‬ام نهديهم هذا البحث‪.‬‬

‫• طلبة المشروع‬
 ‫شكـــــر وتقدير‬
‫• نقـدم خالـص الشكــر والتقديـر العـاليـيـن الــى اساتذتنا األفاضل‬
‫ونخص منهم االستــاذ الفـاضــل‬
‫• لؤي فليح حسن‬
‫• إلشرافه ورعايته األبوية لنا وما أبداه من مساعدة وتوجيهات‬
‫قيمة طوال فترة البحث مما اسهم في انضاجه وخروجه بهذه‬
‫الطريقة والتي نتمنى ان تكون مرضية‪.‬‬

‫طلبة‬
‫المشروع‬
 Supervisor Certification

I certify that this project entitled (CNC Laser)

was prepared under my supervision at the
Computer Engineering Techniques Department
in AL-Nisour University College in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
B.Sc. in Computer Engineering Techniques. 
Signature:
Name: Louay F.
Hasan
Date: / /2019
 Certification of the Examination Committee
We chairman and members of the examination
committee, certify that we have studied the project
entitled (CNC Laser) presented by the student
(Duaa Taif Mhana , Omar Wathiq , Ahmed Abd
Alsalam , Monkith Mohammed ), and examined them
in its contents and in what is related to it, and we have
found it worthy to be accepted for
B.Sc. Engineering Degree in Computers Techniques
Signature
(chairman):
Name:
Date: /
/2019
Signature (member): Signature (supervisor):
Name: Name: Louay F. Hasan
Date: / /2019 Date: / /2019
 Abstract
 
.It is a type of machine which is controlled by a computer to perform certain industrial processes
It consists of three main parts. the mechanical part represented by the machine itself, the electronic part
.which represents a link between the computer and the mechine, and the computer as the third part
These machines can operate in three axes X, Y, Z or more using motors to control the axes' movement and
because they havn incredibly high accuracy, they're used in the field of minerals, timber forming and
other materials, such as Juggling and carving on wood and writing them Forming different molds One of
the most famous uses is the production of car spare parts and other pieces in the field of molds formation
.for different industries
They are used in medium and small industrial projects for their High productivity and relatively low cost in
Comparison with the performance that very expensive machines offers, providing an alternative for many
.small manufacturers
These machines have proved their ability in the Chinese industry where they are used
Many small Chinese manufacturers to produce large quantities with very high precision And as a result, it
begans entering the Arab world for quite a long time and there are professional models in manufacturing
. this kind of machinery
.These machines can be manufactured locally to suit the local demand and reduce the cost significantly
 Chapter one
Introduction
1.1 General introduction

In order to meet the increasing demand to manufacture complicated components of

high accuracy in large quantities, sophisticated technological equipment and machinery
have been developed. Production of these components calls for machine tools which
can be set up fairly rapidly without much attention. The design and construction of
Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machines differs greatly from that of
. conventional machine tools
This difference arises from the requirements of higher performance levels . The
CNC machines often employ the various mechatronics elements that have been
developed over the years . However, the quality and reliability of these machines
depends on the various machine elements and subsystems of the machines . There are
some of the important constituents parts and aspects of CNC machines to be considered
in their designing , for example Machine structure , Guide ways , Feed drives ,
Spindle and Spindle bearings , Measuring systems , Controls , Software and Operator
interface , Gauging , Tool monitoring .
The control of a machine tool by means of stored information through
the computer is known as Computer Numerically Controlled . The
information stored in the computer can be read by automatic
means and converted into electrical signals , which operate the
electrically controlled servo systems . Electrically controlled servo
systems permits the slides of a machine tool to be driven
simultaneously and at the appropriate feeds and direction so that
complex shapes can be cut , often with a single operation and
without the need to reorient the work piece . Computer
Numerically Control can be applied to milling machines , Lathe
machines , Grinding machines , Boring machines , Flame cutters ,
Drilling machines etc. [1]
 CNC Device 1.2
The term “CNC” is a generic term which can be used to describe many types
of device , this would include plotters , vinyl cutters , 3D printers , milling
machines and others . CNC stands for Computer Numerically Controlled and
basically means that the physical movements of the machine are controlled by
instructions , such as coordinate positions that are generated use a
computer . The term “CNC Machine” is typically used to refer to a device
which uses a rotating cutting tool which moves in 3 or more axes (X, Y and Z)
to cut-out or carve parts in different types of materials . The information on
these pages will focus on what are typically referred to as “CNC Routers”
although it would be applicable to most CNC milling and engraving machines
too . The image below shows a typical CNC setup with labels for some of the
key components and also an indicator showing the 3 axis of movement (X, Y
and Z) and their directions in relation to this particular machine . This is just
one example and it should be noted there are many other types , sizes , ratios
and configurations of CNC too .[1.1]
‫ ــ‬Figure 1.1-CNC Device
 Historical Developments in CNC Machines 1.3
A relatively short time ago machine were operated by craftsmen who determined the many variables
such as speeds feeds depth of cut etc. now much of work is being assigned to computer and machines
.that are numerically controlled
Numerical control as applied to machine tools , had its bengining in 1949, when the united states Air
force combined with parsons Corporation to produce contoured surface from instructions in the from
.of punched tape
Numerical control equipment was substituted for the tracer controls on a three axis Cincinnati hydrotel
.vertical planer Mill
A successful feasibility demonstration of continuous contour milling was held in March 1952 followed by
a final report ; both the Air force and private industry begin further work to extend the numerical
. control technology developed at Massachusetts institute of technology, U.S.A
. Between 1955 and 1960 only 500 Numerically Controlled Machine were installed in U.S.A
During 1960 and 1964 approximately 4000 more were added
Till the middle of 60s Russia , West Germany, Japan , and U.K. were for behind U.S.A., in the production
.of Numerical Control Machine Tools
Japan entered the Numerical Control commercial scene during mid 60s and by 1971 surpassed the
.U.S.A. in NC ratio
NC ratio = (production of CNC machines tools(units)) / (Total production of machine tools)
U.S.S.R. is also one of the largest producers of NC machine tools mainly for industrial use.[2]
 Project out lines 1.4

: This thesis consists of four chapter , which can be briefly presented as

 
: Chapter two
In this chapter we will talk about the electrical and electronic parts made in advance with regard
.to their parts and almost everything related to them
: Chapter three
In this chapter we will talk about how to build the mechanical parts and how to install the
.shutters and how to move the mechanical parts
: Chapter four
In this chapter we will talk about the programming of electronic parts and what programs are
used to manage the machine and where to get it and what results we obtained from the work
.of the machine
: Chapter five
In this chapter we will talk about conclusion and future work