SCIENCE AS A

SOCIAL ENDEAVOR
Due to in conclusiveness of the methodologies previously
cited, a new school of thought on the proper demarcation
criterion of science emerged. Several philosophers such as
PAUL THAGARD, IMRE LAKATOS, HELEN LONGINO, DAVID
BLOOR, AND RICHARD RORTY, among others, presented an
alternative demarcation that explores the social dimension
of science and effective, technology.
SEVERAL
PHILOSOPHERS

PAUL THAGARD is a Canadian Philosopher

who specializes in cognitive science,
philosophy of mind, and philosophy of
science and medicine.

IMRE LAKATOS was a Hungarian

philosopher of mathematics and science,
known for his thesis on the fallibility of
mathematics and its “methodology of
proofs and refutations”
 Helen Elizabeth Longino is an
American philosopher of science who
has argued for the significance of
values and social interactions to
scientific inquiry.

David Bloor is a British sociologist.

He is a professor in, and a former
director of, the Science Studies Unit
at the University of Edinburgh.
• Richard McKay Rorty was an American
philosopher. Educated at the University
of Chicago and Yale University, he had
strong interests and training in both the
history of philosophy and in
contemporary analytic philosophy
For instance, far-off there are distinct portions in entrance
exams in the secondary and tertiary levels that are dedicated
to science and mathematics.

Courses you could take if you took STEM

• Engineering
• Marine Engneering
• Architecture
• Pure Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)
• Medical Sciences (Nursing, Medical Allied Programs
• Teacher Education Major in Sciences & Mathematics.
• PAUL FEYERABEND - Feyerabend became
famous for his purportedly anarchistic
view of science and his rejection of the
existence of universal methodological
rules. He was an influential figure in the
sociology of scientific knowledge.
• Aristotle’s Eudaimonic person is
required to be knowledgeable about
science, among other things of equal
importance. A true eudaimon recognizes
that flourishing requires one to excel in
various dimensions, such as linguistic,
kinetic, artistic, and socio-civic.