UNIT-V: Indian Perspective

By

Dr. H.S. ABZAL BASHA, M.B.A., Ph.D., L.L.B.

Assistant Professor,
Department of Management Studies,
G. Pullaiah College of Engineering & Technology,
Kurnool.
E-Commerce
E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the activity of electronically buying or selling of 
products on online services or over the Internet.
The term was coined and first employed by Dr. Robert Jacobson in 1984.

Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, 

electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, 
online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), 
inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. E-commerce is in
turn driven by the technological advances of the semiconductor industry, and is the largest
sector of the electronics industry. 
Electronic
Commerce
■ These include the transactional part of e-business i.e. e-commerce
:

o internet shop

o supply chain management

o online marketing

o Other e-marketing
Essential E-commerce Processes
■ Access Control & Security
– Access control
– Authentication
– Security measures

■ Profiling & Personalizing

– Profile management & personalizing
– Behavior tracking

■ Catalog Management
– Pricing calculation
– Product
configuration
– Catalog
Essential E-commerce Processes

■ Search Management
– Content-based search
– Parametric-based search
– Rule-based search

■ Content Management
– Dynamic content generation
– Data repository
Essential E-commerce Processes
■ Payment
– Shopping cart
– Payment method support
– Payment verification

■ Workflow Management
– Buying process automation
– Document management
– Rule & role-based content routing
E-Business Infrastructure Requirements
■ Web Hosting
■ Domain Name Services

■ Storage and Backup

■ Server Speed and Reliability
■ Management Information & Security
■ Technical Support & Advanced
Solutions
■ Pricing

■ Selecting an Internet Service Provider

■ Location
■ Price
■ Internet Tool Kit
E-Business Infrastructure Requirements
■ Internet Security
■ Internet Security Software

■ Anti-Virus Software

■ Firewall

■ Privacy Policy
■ Legal statement

■ Data sharing

■ Log files

■ Email addresses
E-Business Infrastructure Requirements
■ Broadband Internet Access
■ Narrowband
■ ISDN (Integrated Services Digital
Network)
■ Broadband
■ Faster Uploads and Downloads
■ Affordability
■ Speed
■ Constant Internet Access
■ Reliability
Electronic Payment System
What is Electronic Payment System ?
■ Electronic payment system is a system which helps the customer or user to make
online payment for their shopping.

■ The content of this exchange is usually some form of digital financial instrument
(such as encrypted credit card numbers, electronic cheques or digital cash) that
is backed by a bank or an intermediary, or by a legal tender.

■ The various factors that have lead the financial institutions to make use of
electronic payments are:
– Decreasing technology cost:
– Reduced operational and processing cost:
– Increasing online commerce.
Requirements for e-payments
■ Atomicity
– Money is not lost or created during a transfer

■ Good atomicity
– Money and good are exchanged atomically

■ Non-repudiation
– No party can deny its role in the transaction
Desirable Properties of Digital Money
■ Universally accepted

■ Transferable electronically

■ Divisible

■ Private (no one except parties know the

amount)

■ Anonymous (no one can identify the payer)

Most Prevalent Methods Of EPS

■ The most widely used and prevalent methods of Electronic Payment

System
are:
1. NetBanking

2. PayPal

3. Electronic Cash

4. Software Wallets / E -Wallets

5. Smart Cards

6. Credit / Debit cards.

NetBanking
■ This is a system, well known in India, that does not involve any sort of
physical
card used by customers who have accounts enabled with Internet banking.

■ Instead of entering card details on the purchaser's site, in this system

the payment gateway allows one to specify which bank they wish to pay
from.

■ Then the user is redirected to the bank's website, where one can
authenticate oneself and then approve the payment.

■ Typically there will also be some form of two-factor authentication.

■ It is typically seen as being safer than using credit cards, with the result
that nearly all merchant accounts in India offer it as an option
PayPal
■ PayPal is a global e-commerce business allowing payments and money transfers
to be made through the Internet.

■ Online money transfers serve as electronic alternatives to paying with traditional

paper methods, such as cheques and money orders.

■ PayPal is an acquirer, a performing payment processing for online vendors,

auction sites, and other commercial users, for which it charges a fee.

■ The fees depend on the currency used, the payment option used, the country of
the sender, the country of the recipient, the amount sent and the recipient's
account type.

■ The company also has significant operations in Omaha, Scottsdale, Charlotte

and Austin in the United States; Chennai in India; Dublin in Ireland; Berlin in
Germany; and Tel Aviv in Israel. From July 2007, PayPal has operated across
the European Union as a Luxembourg-based bank
Electronic Cash (E-
Cash)
■ A system that allows a person to pay for goods or services by transmitting
a number from one computer to another.

■ Like the serial numbers on real currency notes, the E-cash numbers are
unique.

■ This is issued by a bank and represents a specified sum of real money. It

is anonymous and reusable.

■ Complex cryptographic algorithms prevent double spending

– Anonymity is preserved unless double spending is attempted

■ Serial numbers can allow tracing to prevent money laundering

E-Cash Process
1. Consumer buys e-cash from Bank

2. Bank sends e-cash bits to

consumer (after charging that
amount plus fee)

3. Consumer sends e-cash to

merchant

4. Merchant checks with Bank that e-cash is

valid (check for forgery or fraud)

5. Bank verifies that e-cash is valid

6. Parties complete transaction

E-Wallets
 The E-wallet is another payment scheme that operates like a carrier of e-
cash and other information.

 The aim is to give shoppers a single, simple, and secure way of

carrying currency electronically.

 Trust is the basis of the e-wallet as a form of electronic payment.

 Most favored E-Wallets in India are Paytm, PayU Money, Mobikwik and
Oxigen
Smart Cards
■ Smart Cards are Plastic card containing an embedded microchip

■ So far not successful in U.S., but popular in Europe, Australia, and

Japan. Not at all used in India.

■ Success depends on:

– Critical mass of smart cards that support applications

– Compatibility between smart cards, card-reader devices,

and applications
Smart Cards Process
Credit / Debit Cards
■ A credit card is a payment card issued to users (cardholders) to enable the
cardholder to pay a merchant for goods and services, based on the
cardholder's promise to the card issuer to pay them for the amounts so paid
plus other agreed charges.

■ The card issuer (usually a bank) creates a revolving account and grants a line
of credit to the cardholder, from which the cardholder can borrow money for
payment to a merchant or as a cash advance.
Credit Card Transactional
Process
Payment Gateways
o A payment gateway is an e-commerce application service provider service that
authorizes payments for e-businesses, online Shopping, etc.

o Payment gateway protects credit cards details encrypting sensitive information,

such as credit card numbers, to ensure that information passes securely
between the customer and the merchant and also between merchant
and payment processor.
How Does Payment Gateway
Work ?
Risks In Using E-Payment Systems
o Customer’s risks :

o Stolen credentials or password

o Dishonest merchant
o Disputes over transaction
o Inappropriate use of transaction details

o Merchant’s risk :

o Forged or copied instruments

o Disputed charges
o Insufficient funds in customer‘s account
o Unauthorized redistribution of purchased items

o Main issue:
Secure payment scheme
E-Payment Issues
o Secure transfer across internet

o High reliability: no single failure point

o Atomic transactions

o Anonymity of buyer

o Economic and computational efficiency: allow

micropayments

o Flexibility: across different methods of Ecommerce

o Scalability in number of servers and users

Designing E-Payment Systems
o It includes several factors:

o Privacy:
A user expects to trust in a secure system; just as a telephone is
a safe

o Security:
A secure system verifies the identity of two-party transactions
through “user authentication” & reserves flexibility to restrict
information/services through access control

o Intuitive interfaces:
The payment interface must be as easy to use as a telephone.
Designing E-Payment Systems (Contd..)
o Database integration:
With home banking, for ex, a customer wants to play with all
his accounts.

o Brokers:
A “network banker” - someone to broker goods & services,
settle conflicts, & financial transactions
electronically, must be in place

o Pricing:
One fundamental issue is how to price payment system
services.
For e.g., From cash to bank payments, from paper based
to
e-cash. The problem is potential waste of
resources.

o Standards:
Without standards, the welding of different payment users
Security Requirements Of E-Payment Systems

Security Requirements of EPS

Integrity Privacy

Safety
Authentication Non-repudiation
Security Environment
The E-commerce Security Environment
■ Overall size and losses of cybercrime unclear

– Reporting issues

■ 2009 CSI survey: 49% of respondent firms detected security

breach in last year

– Of those that shared numbers, average loss $288,000

■ Underground economy marketplace:

– Stolen information stored on underground economy servers

Types of Attacks
Against Computer
Systems (Cybercrime)

SOURCE: Based on data from Computer Security Institute, 2009

What Is Good E-commerce
Security?
■ To achieve highest degree of security
– New technologies
– Organizational policies and procedures
– Industry standards and government
laws

■ Other factors
– Time value of money
– Cost of security vs. potential loss
– Security often breaks at weakest link
The E-commerce Security Environment
E-Business General Security
Issues
o Confidentiality

o Authentication

o Integrity

o Access Control

o Non-Repudiation

o Firewalls
Customer & Merchant Perspectives On The
Different Dimensions Of E-Business Security
The Tension Between Security and Other
Values

■ Ease of use:
– The more security measures added, the more difficult a site is to use,
and the slower it becomes

■ Public safety and criminal uses of the Internet

– Use of technology by criminals to plan crimes or threaten nation-state
Security Threats in the E-commerce Environment

■ Three key points of vulnerability:

1. Internet communications
channels

2. Server level

3. Client level
A Typical E-commerce
Transaction
Vulnerable Points in an Typical E-commerce
Environment

SOURCE: Boncella, 2000.

Most Common Security Threats in the E-
commerce Environment

■ Malicious code
– Viruses
– Worms
– Trojan horses
– Bots, botnets

■ Unwanted programs
– Browser parasites
– Adware
– Spyware
Most Common Security Threats
(cont…)
■ Phishing
– Deceptive online attempt to obtain confidential information
– Social engineering, e-mail scams, spoofing legitimate Web
sites
– Use of information to commit fraudulent acts (access checking
accounts), steal identity

■ Hacking and Cyber-vandalism

– Hackers
– Cyber-vandalism: Intentionally disrupting, defacing,
destroying Web site
– Types of hackers: White hats, black hats, grey hats
Most Common Security (cont…)
Threats
■ Credit card fraud / theft

– Hackers target merchant servers; use data to establish credit under

false identity

■ Spoofing

■ Pharming

■ Spam / Junk Web sites

■ Denial of service (DoS) attack

– Hackers flood site with useless traffic to overwhelm network

– Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack

Most Common Security (cont…)
Threats
■ Sniffing

– Eavesdropping program that monitors information traveling over a

network

■ Insider jobs

– Single largest financial threat

■ Poorly designed server and client software

■ Mobile platform threats

– Same risks as any Internet device

– Malware, botnets, vishing / smishing

Technology Solutions
■ Protecting Internet communications (encryption)

■ Securing channels of communication (SSL, S-HTTP,

VPNs)

■ Protecting networks (firewalls)

■ Protecting servers and clients

Tools Available to Achieve Site
Security
Encryption
■ Transforms data into cipher text readable only by sender and receiver

■ Secures stored information and information transmission

■ Provides 4 of 6 key dimensions of e-commerce security:

1. Message integrity
2. Nonrepudiation
3. Authentication
4. Confidentiality

■ Examples of Encryption methods are –

1. Symmetric Key Encryption
2. Public Key Encryption & Public Key Using Digital
Signatures
3. Digital Envelopes
4. Digital Certifications & Certification Authority
Public Key Encryption
■ Uses two mathematically related digital keys

– Public key (widely disseminated)

– Private key (kept secret by owner)

■ Both keys used to encrypt and decrypt message

■ Once key used to encrypt message, same key cannot be used to decrypt
message

■ Sender uses recipient’s public key to encrypt message; recipient uses

his/her private key to decrypt it
Public Key Cryptography with Digital
Signatures
Digital Envelopes
■ Address weaknesses of:

– Public key encryption

■ Computationally slow, decreased transmission

speed, increased processing time

– Symmetric key encryption

■ Insecure transmission lines

■ Uses symmetric key encryption to encrypt document

■ Uses public key encryption to encrypt and send symmetric

key
Creating a Digital Envelope
Digital Certificates and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

■ Digital Certificates are a means by which consumers and businesses can

utilize
the security applications of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI).
■ PKI comprises of the technology to enables secure e-commerce and
Internet based communication.
■ Digital certificate includes:
– Name of subject/company
– Subject’s public key
– Digital certificate serial number
– Expiration date, issuance date
– Digital signature of CA

■ Public Key Infrastructure (PKI):

– CAs and digital certificate procedures
– PGP Encryption (Pretty Good Privacy)
Digital Certificates & Certification Authorities
Limits to Encryption Solutions

■ Doesn’t protect storage of private key

– PKI not effective against insiders, employees

– Protection of private keys by individuals may be

haphazard

■ No guarantee that verifying computer of merchant is secure

■ CAs are unregulated, self-selecting organizations

Securing Channels of
Communication
■ Secure Sockets Layer (SSL):

– Establishes a secure, negotiated client-server session in which URL

of requested document, along with contents, is encrypted

■ Secure - HTTP (“https”)

– Provides a secure message-oriented communications protocol designed

for use in conjunction with HTTP

■ Virtual Private Network (VPN):

– Allows remote users to securely access internal network via the

Internet, using Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
Secure Negotiated Sessions Using
SSL
Protecting Networks
■ Firewall

– Hardware or software

– Uses security policy to filter packets

– Two main methods:

1. Packet filters

2. Application gateways

■ Proxy servers (proxies)

– Software servers that handle all communications originating from or

being sent to the Internet
Firewalls and Proxy Servers
Protecting Servers and
Clients
■ Operating system security
enhancements

– Upgrades, patches

■ Anti-virus software:
– Easiest and least expensive way to prevent threats to
system integrity
– Requires daily updates
Management Policies, Business Procedures, & Public
Laws

■ Indian firms and organizations spend about 12% of IT budget on security

hardware, software, services.

■ Managing risk includes

– Technology
– Effective management policies
– Public laws and active enforcement (IT Act 2000, Cyber Law Under IPC)
A Security Plan: Management Policies
■ Risk assessment

■ Security policy

■ Implementation plan

– Security organization
– Access controls
– Authentication procedures,
inc. biometrics
– Authorization policies, authorization
management systems
■ Develop Security Protocol

■ Security audit
Ethical, Social & Political Issues in E-Business
Understanding Ethical, Social, and Political Issues in
E-Business
■ Internet technology and its use in e-business disrupts existing social and
business relationships and understandings

■ Costs and benefits of technology must be carefully considered, especially when

there are as yet no clear-cut legal or cultural guidelines
A Model for Organizing the Issues
■ Issues raised by Internet and e-commerce can be viewed at
individual, social and political levels

■ Four major categories of issues:

– Information rights

– Property rights

– Governance

– Public safety and welfare

The Moral Dimensions of an Internet Society
Basic Ethical Concepts
■ Ethics

– Study of principles used to determine right and wrong courses of

action
■ Responsibility & Accountability

■ Liability

– Laws permitting individuals to recover damages

■ Due process

– Laws are known, understood

– Ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure laws applied correctly
Privacy
■ Privacy:

– Moral right of individuals to be left alone, free from surveillance

or interference from other individuals or organizations

■ Information privacy:

– Includes both the claim that certain information should not be

collected at all, as well as the claim of individuals to control the use
of whatever information is collected about them
E-commerce and Privacy
■ Major ethical issue related to e-commerce and privacy:

– Under what conditions should we invade privacy of others?

■ Major social issue:

– Development of “expectations of privacy” and privacy norms

■ Major political issue:

– Development of statutes that govern relations between

record-
keepers and individuals
Information Collected at E-commerce Sites

■ Personally identifiable information (PII):

– Data that can be used to identify, locate, or contact an individual

■ Anonymous information:

– Demographic and behavioral information that does not include

any personal identifiers

■ Almost all e-commerce companies collect PII and use cookies to

track clickstream behavior
Profiling and Behavioral
Targeting
■ Profiling
– Creation of digital images that characterize online individual and group
behavior
■ Anonymous profiles
– Identify people as belonging to very specific and targeted groups
■ Personal profiles:
– Add personal identifiers
■ Advertising networks can:
– Track consumer behavior and browsing behavior on the Web
– Dynamically adjust what user sees on screen
– Build and refresh high-resolution data images or behavior profiles of
consumers
Profiling and Behavioral Targeting (cont…)
■ Deep packet inspection
– Records every keystroke at ISP level of everyone and uses information
to make suggestions, target ads
■ Weblining:
– Charging some customers more for products based on profiles
■ Network advertising firms:
– Web profiling serves consumers and businesses
■ Critics:
– Profiling undermines expectation of anonymity and privacy
■ Consumers:
– Significant opposition to unregulated collection of personal information
The Internet and Government Invasions of Privacy

■ Various laws strengthen ability of law enforcement agencies to

monitor
Internet users without knowledge and sometimes without judicial oversight

■ Government agencies are largest users of private sector commercial data

brokers

■ Retention by ISPs of user data a concern

Informed Consent
■ Consent given with knowledge of all the material facts needed to make
a rational decision

■ Two models:

– Opt-in

– Opt-out

■ Many E-Business firms merely publish information practices as part

of privacy policy without providing for any form of informed consent
Private Industry Self-Regulation
■ Safe harbor:

– Private, self-regulating policy and enforcement mechanism that meets

objectives of government regulations and legislation, but does not
involve government regulation or enforcement
– e.g. Privacy seal programs (TRUSTe, BBB Reliability Seal)

■ Industry associations include:

– Online Privacy Alliance (OPA)

– Network Advertising Initiative (NAI)
■ Privacy advocacy groups

– e.g. Epic.org
Technological Solutions to Privacy Invasion
on the Web
■ Spyware, cookie, pop-up blockers

■ Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P):

– Comprehensive technological privacy protection effort sponsored by

W3C

– Standard for communicating to users a Web site’s privacy policy

– Compares site policy to user’s preferences or to other standards

– Works through user’s Web browser

Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) Protocol
■ Jointly designed by MasterCard and Visa with backing of Microsoft, Netscape, IBM
and others

■ Designed to provide security for card payments as they travel on the Internet

– Contrasted with Secure Socket Layers (SSL) protocol, SET validates

consumers and merchants in addition to providing secure transmission

■ SET specification

– Uses public key cryptography and digital certificates for validating both
consumers and merchants

– Provides privacy, data integrity, user and merchant authentication, and consumer
nonrepudiation
The SET Protocol
Intellectual Property Rights
■ Intellectual property:

– Encompasses all tangible and intangible products of human mind

■ Major ethical issue:

– How should we treat property that belongs to others?

■ Major social issue:

– Is there continued value in protecting intellectual property in

the Internet age?
■ Major political issue:

– How can Internet and e-commerce be regulated or governed to

protect intellectual property?
Types of Intellectual Property Protection

■ Three main types of intellectual property protection:

– Copyright

– Patent

– Trademark law

■ The goal of intellectual property law is to balance two competing interests—

the public and the private

■ Maintaining this balance of interests is always challenged by the invention of

new technologies
Trademarks and the Internet
■ Cybersquatting:
Registration of domain name or other Internet use of
existing trademark for purpose of extorting payments from
legitimate owners.
■ Cyberpiracy:
Same behavior as cybersquatting, with intent of diverting
traffic from legitimate site to infringing site
■ Metatagging:
Using other’s trademarks as metatags in

misleading or confusing manner

■ Keywording:
Using other’s trademarks as keywords on search engines in a
misleading or confusing manner
■ Deep linking:
Bypassing target site’s home page and linking directly to content
page
■ Framing:
Displaying content of another site within frame or window
Governance
■ Involves issue of social control

■ Primary questions:

– Who will control Internet and e-

commerce?

– What elements will be controlled and

how?

■ Stages of governance and e-commerce

– Government Control Period (1970–1994)

– Privatization (1995–1998)

– Self-Regulation (1995–present)
Who Governs E-commerce and the Internet?

■ Currently in a mixed mode policy environment where self-regulation, through

variety of Internet policy and technical bodies, co-exists with limited
government regulation

■ ICANN

■ Governments vs. ITU (International Tele-Communication Union)

■ Can Internet be controlled, monitored, and regulated from a central location ?

Taxatio
n
■ Issue of taxation of e-commerce sales illustrates complexity of
governance and jurisdiction issues

■ National and international character of Internet sales wreaking havoc

on traditional taxation schemes in E-Businesses around the world for
local commerce and local jurisdictions

■ Unlikely that comprehensive, integrated rational approach to taxation

issue will be determined for some time to come
Net Neutrality

■ Currently, all Internet traffic treated equally – all activities charged the same
rate,
no preferential assignment of bandwidth.

■ Internet backbone providers would like to charge differentiated prices and

ration bandwidth by pricing or speed (bandwidth controls).
Public Safety and
Welfare
■ Protection of children and strong sentiments against pornography

– Passing legislation that will survive court challenges has proved difficult:

 Children’s Internet Protection Act upheld by U.S. Supreme Court

(requires schools and libraries to install technology protection
measures).

 No such specific laws exist in India. Usually clubbed with the

Information Technology Act, 2000 & Indian Penal Code, 1860 as well
as Information Technology Bill.

■ Efforts to control gambling and restrict sales of drugs and cigarettes

Inter - Organization E - Business
EDI: Electronic Data Interchange
■ What is EDI?

■ Exchange of electronic data between companies using precisely

defined transactions

■ Set of hardware, software, and standards that accommodate the EDI

process

■ “EDI is the forefather / pre-cursor of B2B”

■ Estimated $500 billion worth of goods per year

■ EDI: usually over value-added networks (VANs)

Electronic Data Interchange
Relation Between Retailers, Manufacturers & Suppliers in EDM
How Does Electronic Data Exchange (EDI)
Work ?
– Supplier’s proposal sent electronically to purchasing organization.

– Electronic contract approved over network.

– Supplier manufactures and packages goods, attaching shipping

data recorded on a bar code.

– Quantities shipped and prices entered in system and flowed to

invoicing program; invoices transmitted to purchasing organization
How Does EDI (Cont.
Work ? )
– Manufacturer ships order.

– Shipment notice EDI transaction sent (not shown)

– Purchasing organization receives packages, scans bar code, and

compares data to invoices actual items received.

– Payment approval transferred electronically.

– Bank transfers funds from purchaser to supplier’s account using

electronic fund transfer (EFT).
Electronic Data Interchange Standards
■ EDI requires companies to agree on standards

– Compatible hardware and software

– Agreed upon electronic form format

■ Established EDI standards

– Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG)

– X.12 de facto umbrella standard in U.S. and Canada
– EDI for Administration, Commerce, and Trade (EDIFACT) umbrella of
standards in Europe
How To Subscribe To
EDI ?
■ Larger companies purchase hardware and software

■ Medium and small companies seek third-party

service

– Value-added networking (VAN)

– Managed network services available for a fee

Electronic Data Interchange On The
Web
■ Advantages of Web EDI

– Lower cost
– More familiar software
– Worldwide
connectivity

■ Disadvantages of Web
EDI

– Low speed
– Poor security
The Importance of Electronic Data Interchange

■ Need for timely, reliable data exchange in response to rapidly changing

markets

■ Emergence of standards and guidelines

■ Spread of information into many organizational units

■ Greater reliability of information technology

■ Globalization of organizations
 EDI Software
1. Document Support

Database

2. Mapping

4. Translation
Communications

X12
3. Standards Support
Value Added Network
(VAN)
o A Value Added Network (VAN) is a private network provider used to
facilitate electronic data interchange (EDI).

o In the 1980s, VANs emerged as a way to connect supply chain

participants.

o They offered store-and-forward mailboxes and were deployed to help

trading and supply chain partners automate many business-to-business
communications and thereby reduce the number of paper transfers needed.
Point-to-Point: EDI Without a
VAN
Buyer Supplier

1 A

2 B

3 C

4 D
Value Added Network (VAN) EDI:
Buyer Supplier

1 A

2 B

3 C

4 D
Interconnect Strategy Of VAN
EDI

AT&
GE T
VAN VAN
Why do Companies use EDI?

60%

50%
Customer/supplier
Percent

40%
requirement
30%
Quick access to data
20%
Cost savings
10%
Data accuracy/error reduction
0%
1990 1995 2000 2005 2006

In 2006, EDI grew substantially due to customer / major supplier requirements or requests. EDI
is an element used to streamline business processes.
Government Health care Retail Grocery Transportation
Policy

Advertising EDI Insuranc

e

USERS
Construction Manufacturing

Banks Chemical Electronics Petroleum Automotive

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