BiT-FMIE
Lecture
on
Embodiment Design
By
Tewodros Y.
2023
CONTENTS
Introduction
Product Architecture
Configuration Design
Parametric Design
Introduction
Conceptual Design: set of concepts has been generated
and evaluated to produce a single concept or small set
of concepts for further development.
Embodiment design: next phase of the design process
where the design concept is invested with physical
form, where we “put meat on the bones.”
Divided the embodiment phase of design into three
activities:
Product architecture (Finalize product )
Configuration design
Parametric design (Quantify important)
Steps in the design process showing that embodiment design
PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE
Product Architecture: arrangement of the
physical elements of a product to carry out its
required functions.
Begins to emerge in the conceptual design phase
from such things as diagrams of functions, rough
sketches of concepts, and perhaps a proof-of-
concept model.
Product Architecture Terminology
Chunk: collection of components that carry out
functions.
Part: a designed object that has no assembly operations
in its manufacture.
Standard Part: has a generic function and is
manufactured routinely without regard to a particular
product.
Special Purpose Part: designed and manufactured for a
specific purpose in a specific product line
Component: includes special-purpose parts, standard
parts, and standard.
Assembly: collection of two or more parts.
Subassembly: assembly that is included within another
assembly or subassembly.
Standard Assembly/Module: assembly or subassembly
that has a generic function and is manufactured
routinely.
Modules: determining the arrangement of the
physical elements of the design into groupings
(subsystem, subassembly, cluster, or chunk).
Each module is made up of a collection of
components that carry out functions.
Product Architecture styles
Modular Architecture
Integral Architecture
Modular Architecture: each module implements
only one or a few functions and the interactions
between modules are well defined.
Integral Architecture: the implementation of
functions is accomplished by only one or a few
modules.
In integral product architectures, components
perform multiple functions.
Modular Architecture
Integral Architecture
The design elements are both functional elements and
physical elements.
The functional elements are the functions that the
product must perform to conform to its product
design specification (PDS).
The physical elements are components, either
standard parts or special-purpose parts, which are
needed to achieve the functions.
Four step process for establishing the product
architecture.
Create a schematic diagram of the product
Cluster the elements of the schematic
Create a rough geometric layout
Identify the interactions between modules
CONFIGURATION DESIGN
Shape and general dimensions of components are
established.
Exact dimensions and tolerances are established in
parametric design.
Component may be a:
Special purpose part
Standard parts
Assembly
Sub-assembly
Module (or standard assembly)
CONFIGURATION DESIGN
In configuration design follow these steps
Review the product design specification and any
specifications developed
Establish the spatial constraints
Create and refine the interfaces or connections
between components.
Establish critical dimensions
Begin to consider manufacturing processes
Generally, the best way to get started with configuration
design is to just start sketching alternative configurations
of a part.
Sketches are an important aid in idea generation and a way
for piecing together unconnected ideas into design
concepts.
Refining and patching leads to a succession of
configurationally arrangements that hopefully improve
upon the deficiencies of the previous designs.
Refining: develop more specificity about the object as we
move from an abstract to a highly detailed description.
Patching: the activity of changing a design without
changing its level of abstraction /Concept.
Showing the progression of a design configuration
Rough sketch
3-D computer model Detailed three-view
engineering drawing
The first step in analyzing the configuration design of a part is
the degree to which it satisfies the functional requirement and
product design specification (PDS).
Typically these involve issues of strength or stiffness, but they
can include issues such as reliability, safety in operation, ease of
use, maintainability, reparability, etc.
Basic guidelines for embodiment design
Clarity of function: pertains to an unambiguous relationship
between the various functions and the appropriate inputs and
outputs of energy, material, and information flow.
Simplicity: refers to a design that is not complex and is easily
understood and readily produced.
Safety: should be guaranteed by direct design, not by
secondary methods such as guards or warning labels.
Checklist for Configuration Design
Identify the likely ways the part might fail in service.
Excessive plastic deformation
Fatigue failure
Stress concentrations
Buckling
Shock or impact loads
Identify likely ways that part functionality might be
compromised.
Tolerances
Creep
Thermal deformation
Strain and deformation etc.
PARAMETRIC DESIGN
Attributes of components identified in configuration design
become the design variables for parametric design.
A design variable is an attribute of a part whose value is under
the control of the designer. This typically is a dimension or a
tolerance, but it may be a material, heat treatment, or surface
finish applied to the part.
Systematic Steps in Parametric Design
Step 1. Formulate the parametric design problem
Step 2. Generate alternative designs
Step 3. Analyze the alternative designs
Step 4. Evaluate the results of the analyses
Step 5. Refine/Optimize
Objective of parametric design
Set values for design variables such that they will produce the
best possible design considering the performance and
manufacturing.
By the end of the parametric design, a prototype of the
product should be developed.
Some aspects of parametric design
Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)
FMEA is a methodology for determining all possible ways
that components can fail and establishing the effect of
failure on the system. FMEA analysis is routinely
performed during embodiment design.
A failure is any aspect of the design or manufacturing
process that renders a component, assembly, or system
incapable of performing its intended function.
Design for Reliability and Safety
Reliability is a measurement of the ability of a component or
system to operate without failure in the service environment.
It is expressed as the probability of the component
functioning for a given time without failure.
Durability is the amount of use that a person gets out of a
product before it deteriorates that is, it is a measure of the
product lifetime.
Design for Robustness
A robust design is one whose performance is
insensitive to variations in the manufacturing
processes by which it has been made or in the
environment in which it operates.
Robustness is also critical.
Achieving excellent performance under a wide range
of conditions that will be found in service.
Tolerances and dimensions
A tolerance is the acceptable variation in the dimension.
Tolerances must be placed on a dimension or geometric
feature of a part to limit the permissible variations in size
because it is impossible to repeatedly manufacture a part
exactly to a given dimension.
The dimensions on an engineering drawing must clearly
indicate the size, location, and orientation of all features
in each part.
DETAIL DESIGN
Last phase of your design “Detail Design”.
Preparation of detailed technical drawings.
All dimensions, tolerances and surface finish
information completed.
Material information (Bill of Materials).
Deciding on manufacturing operations.
Comments for the 1st Report
Literature review
Problem statement--- clarity
Methodology/ procedure--- style
Writing system --- grammatically sense
Thanks
