Introduction to

Computer Graphics
Design Professional

Raster/Paint Software
 Raster/Paint Software
Film-based photography was the
foundation for graphic reproduction
starting in early 1900s
Raster/paint software developed to work
with scanned images
Adobe Photoshop: Dominant image-
editing program and electronic painting
software program in world

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 Photoshop: An Overview

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 Photoshop: An Overview
Bitmap-based application
– Every image made up of a series of dots
called pixels
Wide range of tools to adjust and correct
color, contrast and dynamic range
Powerful type handling tools
Capable of handling web-based graphics

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 How Are Photographic
Images Created?
Film-based images
Scanners
Digital Image Capture

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 Film-based Images
Emulsions
Prints
Transparency film

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 Scanners
Flatbed scanners
Drum scanners

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 Digital Image Capture
Digital cameras

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 Resolution and Color
Raster art or Bitmapped art
– Series of dots arranged in a grid
– Dots vary in value and color
Resolution
Color Models
File formats

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 Resolution
Number of dots that make up an image
Raster images are resolution dependent
Four ways to measure resolution
– LPI: Lines per inch
– SPI: Spots per inch
– DPI: Dots per inch
– PPI: Pixels per inch

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 Color Models
Three important color models
RGB as a design tool
– Red, green, blue
– Additive primary colors
CMYK for color correction
– Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
– Subtractive color
Grayscale

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 Open and Save Files
Working with Documents
File>New
– Size
– Orientation: Portrait or Landscape
– Color Mode: Another name for color model
– Background contents
File>Open
File>Save
File>Save As
File>Save for web
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 File Formats

PSD: Photoshop Document

– Native Photoshop format,
– Preserves layers
– Access to all tools
and commands

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 File Formats

TIF: Tagged Image File Format

– Any resolution, grayscale or color
– Generally used for graphics files to be printed

EPS: Encapsulated Postscript

– Specialized format for bitmap or vector graphics

JPG: Joint Photographic Experts Group

– Compressed image format
– Often used for complex photographic images

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 Everyday Tools
and Commands
Photoshop interface similar to Illustrator
Rulers and Guides used to position
elements on the page
Toolbox basics

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 Toolbox
Divided into 4 main areas
– Selection tools
– Cropping tools
– Modification tools; clone stamp, history brush,
eraser, gradient, blur/sharpen tools
– Vector/type tools
– Miscellaneous tools; eyedropper, zoom tools

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 Selection Tools
Main selection tools: Marquee selection
tools, Move tool, Lasso tools, Magic
Wand tool, and Slice tool
Crop tool is part of main selection tools,
to reduce
file size as
well as a
design
decision
tool
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 Modification Tools
Manipulate images in various ways
Fix damaged photographs
Paint or draw on images
Copy parts of images
Restore pixels deleted or erased
Color gradients

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 Vector/Type Tools
Although primarily used to work with
bitmapped images, Photoshop contains a
comprehensive array of type and vector-
based tools
Vector/type tools similar to Illustrator
Eventually the vector shapes are
converted to dots when file is saved to a
format other than native .psd

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 Miscellaneous Tools
Perform a variety of tasks such as
magnification, color identification in a
specific area of an image, and electronic
sticky-type notes

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 The Power of Selection!
Modify only a portion of an image
Create photomontage that use only pieces
of images
Selection tools include
– Marquee selection tools
– Lasso tools
– Magic wand tool

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 The Power of Selection!

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 Marquee Selection Tool
Rectangles or squares
Ovals or circles
Single row pixels horizontally and vertically

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 Lasso Tools
Surround portion of image with a line
Accuracy of selection depends on accuracy
of mouse movements or pen and tablet
Three variations
– Lasso
– Magnetic Lasso
– Polygonal Lasso

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 Magic Wand Tool
Attempts to select a range of values,
based on 256 color values
Tolerance lets you set the range of values
– Smaller tolerance number; the narrower the
value range (color and shades) of the selection
– Higher tolerance numbers; the wider the value
range of a selection
Tool works best is image has well defined
areas of value

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 It All Works with Layers
Using layers, Photoshop separates
multiple images onto transparent layers
Can manipulate each layer without
affecting other images in project
Layer Effects can add excitement and
dynamics to design

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 Working with Layers
Layers palette is control center for
layers in a file
Background layer has special properties
Can add, delete, duplicate layers
Change layering order

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 Layers Effects
Special effects to add visual impact, such
as blending, drop shadows, color
overlays, bevel and emboss

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 Transforming Images
Transformation tools give power and
control over images
Healing Brush and Patch tools
Clone Stamp tool
Eraser tool
Blur, Sharpen, and Smudge tools
Dodge, Burn, and Sponge tools

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 Healing Brush and Patch
Tools
Use brush size to regulate selected and
modified area
Valuable for fixing old
and/or damaged photos
Areas repaired blend
in with adjoining areas

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 Clone Stamp Tool
Samples a particular
section of an image
and recreates it over
and over again
Also used to cover
up areas of a photo
with different imagery

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 Blur, Sharpen, and Smudge
Tools
Alters specific parts of
an image
Works by clicking and
dragging mouse
Options allow
fine-tuning of tool
effect

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 Dodge, Burn, and Sponge
Tools
Related to
traditional film-
based photography
Burn tool
darkens an
image; Dodge tool
lightens it
Sponge heightens
or mutes color

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 Photoshop Has
Too Much Fun with Type
Dedicated Type Layer
Similar to vector-draw programs
Character palette lets you change
– Type size
– Leading
– Alignment

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 Photoshop Has
Too Much Fun with Type
Transformation tools work on type too!
Layer effects applied to type
Warp type: still remains editable after warp
effect is applied

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 How Photoshop Files Are
Output
Designers don’t normally output
Photoshop directly from application
More often imported into another
application, then output from there
Print preview dialog box allows for
selection of printer, number of copies,
scaled outputs and output modes

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 Printing Tools in Photoshop
Photoshop lets you color-manage the
output to create more consistent color
output between different devices

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