GOVERNMENT COLLEGE

WOMEN UNIVERSITY
FAISALABAD
COURSE NAME : INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY
COURSE CODE : SOC 100
SUBMITTED TO : MA’AM NAJMA
SECTION EVENING (A)
SEMESTER 1ST
SUBMITTED BY: GROUP NO 1

MISBA 117
MARIAM 110
MALAIKA 107
AMINA 109
SANA 101
• INTRODUCTION ■
• THE WORD SOCIOLOGY WAS COINED BY AUGUSTE COMTE - FRENCH
PHILOSOPHER IN 1839. HE IS CONSIDER AS A FATHER OF SOCIOLOGY.
• SOCIOLOGY IS THE YOUNGEST OF ALL THE SOCIAL SCIENCES.
• THE WORD SOCIOLOGY IS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN WORD 'SOCIETUS'
WHICH MEANS 'SOCIETY' AND THE GREEK WORD 'LOGOS' MEANS 'SCIENCE
OR STUDY OR ADVANCED STUDY’.
• ▪ SCIENCE OF SOCIETY OR STUDY OF SOCIETY.
• DEFINITIONS OF SOCIOLOGY
• L.F. WARD DEFINES, "SOCIOLOGY IS THE SCIENCE OF SOCIETY OR OF SOCIAL
PHENOMENA".
• GINSBERG SAYS, "SOCIOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF HUMAN INTERACTION AND
INTERRELATION OF THEIR CONDITIONS AND CONSEQUENCES".
• EMILE DURKHEIM DEFINES, "SOCIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE OF SOCIAL
INSTITUTIONS".
• OGBURN AND NIMKOFF DEFINES, "SOCIOLOGY AS THE STUDY OF SOCIAL LIFE".
• KIMBALL YOUNG DEFINES, "SOCIOLOGY DEALS WITH THE BEHAVIOUR OF MEN
IN GROUPS".
• THE HISTORY OF SOCIOLOGY
• SINCE ANCIENT TIMES, PEOPLE HAVE BEEN FASCINATED BY THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS AND THE SOCIETIES TO WHICH THEY BELONG.
• MANY OF THE TOPICS THAT ARE CENTRAL TO MODERN SOCIOLOGICAL
SCHOLARSHIP WERE STUDIED BY ANCIENT PHILOSOPHERS.
• MANY OF THESE EARLIER THINKERS WERE MOTIVATED BY THEIR DESIRE TO
DESCRIBE AN IDEAL SOCIETY.
THE HISTORY OF SOCIOLOGY
• . IN THE 13TH CENTURY, MA TUAN-LIN, A CHINESE HISTORIAN, FIRST RECOGNIZED
SOCIAL DYNAMICS AS AN UNDERLYING COMPONENT OF HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENT IN HIS SEMINAL ENCYCLOPEDIA, GENERAL STUDY OF LITERARY
REMAINS.
• . THE NEXT CENTURY SAW THE EMERGENCE OF THE HISTORIAN SOME CONSIDER
TO BE THE WORLD’S FIRST SOCIOLOGIST: IBN KHALDUN (1332-1406) OF TUNISIA.
• • HE WROTE ABOUT MANY TOPICS OF INTEREST TODAY, SETTING A FOUNDATION
FOR BOTH MODERN SOCIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS, INCLUDING A THEORY OF
SOCIAL CONFLICT, A COMPARISON OF NOMADIC AND SEDENTARY LIFE, A
DESCRIPTION OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, AND A STUDY CONNECTING A TRIBE’S
SOCIAL COHESION TO ITS CAPACITY FOR POWER
• THE HISTORY OF SOCIOLOGY
• . IN THE 18TH CENTURY, AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHERS DEVELOPED GENERAL
PRINCIPLES THAT COULD BE USED TO EXPLAIN SOCIAL LIFE.
• . THINKERS SUCH AS JOHN LOCKE, VOLTAIRE, IMMANUEL KANT, AND THOMAS HOBBES
RESPONDED TO WHAT THEY SAW AS SOCIAL ILLS BY WRITING ON TOPICS THAT THEY HOPED
WOULD LEAD TO SOCIAL REFORM.
• . THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY SAW GREAT CHANGES WITH THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, INCREASED
MOBILITY, AND NEW KINDS OF EMPLOYMENT.
• . IT WAS ALSO A TIME OF GREAT SOCIAL AND POLITICAL UPHEAVAL WITH THE RISE OF EMPIRES
THAT EXPOSED MANY PEOPLE FOR THE FIRST TIME TO SOCIETIES AND CULTURES OTHER THAN
THEIR OWN
• . MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WERE MOVING INTO CITIES AND MANY PEOPLE WERE TURNING AWAY
FROM THEIR TRADITIONAL RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.
AUGUST COMTE 1798-1857
 A SCIENCE OF SOCIETY
COMTE’S GOAL WAS TO
• – EXPLAIN THE PAST
• – PREDICT THE FUTURE
• SOCIOLOGY
SCIENCE ATTEMPTED TO EXPLAIN ALL PHENOMENA THROUGH THEORIES BASED ON NATURAL
LAWS. SOCIOLOGY, COMTE BELIEVED, SHOULD HAVE THE SAME GOAL: TO DISCOVER THE
NATURAL LAWS THAT DETERMINE SOCIAL STABILITY AND CHANGE. FURTHER, LIKE THE
NATURAL SCIENCES, SOCIOLOGY SHOULD BE USED TO CREATE A BETTER SOCIETY.
LIKE ALL SCIENCE, COMTE BELIEVED THAT THIS NEW SCIENCE OF SOCIETY SHOULD BE
BASED ON REASONING AND OBSERVATION.
SOCIAL PHYSICS HE FIRST NAMED THE NEW SCIENCE “SOCIAL PHYSICS.” HE LATER CHANGED
THIS TO “SOCIOLOGY.” THE WORD COMES FROM THE GREEK “SOCI” WHICH MEANS “SOCIETY”
AND THE LATIN “OLOGY” WHICH MEANS “STUDY OF.”
SCOPE OF SOCIOLOGY
1. IN THE FIELD OF KNOWLEDGE
2. IN THE FIELD OF PROFESSION
SCOPE IN FIELD OF KNOWLEDGE:
SOCIOLOGIST HAVE THE BASIC AND PRIMARY OBJECTIVE IS TO BUILD UP
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE SOCIETY AND SOCIAL INTERACTION.
• THE SPECIALIZED FIELD OF SOCIOLOGY:
• RURAL SOCIOLOGY .
• URBAN SOCIOLOGY
• MEDICIAL SOCIOLOGY
• ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY
• INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY
• SOCIOLOGY OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS SOCIOLOGY
• SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION
• POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
• SOCIOLOGY OF THE FAMILY.
• IN THE FIELD OF PREFESSION:
• MINISTRY OF SOCIAL WELFARE( PAKISTAN)SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENTS.
• CENTRE FOR MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDERN
• DISTRICT INDUSTRIAL HOMES
• DAY CARE CENTRES
• MODEL ORPHANAGES
• HOMES FOR THE DESTITUTE AND NEEDY WOMANS/GIRLS
• VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTRES FOR WOMANS IN RURAL AREAS
• HOME FOR OLD PERSONS
 SUBJECT MATTER OF SOCIOLOGY

▪ SOCIOLOGY IS

-THE STUDY OF SOCIETY

- THE SCIENCE OF SOCIAL LIFE
– THE STUDY OF SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
- THE STUDY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR IN GROUPS
- THE STUDY OF FORMS OF SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
– THE STUDY OF SOCIAL ACTION
- THE STUDY OF SOCIAL GROUPS AND SOCIAL SYSTEMS