Jimma University

College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine

Course: Environmental Hygiene in VPH

Title: Environmental impact Assessment

by
Sadik zakir

Instructor: Dr. Mukarim Abdurrahman ( DVM,MVPH )

november, 2018
Jimma, Ethiopia
Outlines of Presentation

1.Objectives

2.Introduction to EIA
Overview of Environmental Impact Assessment

3.Conclussion and recommendation

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Objectives
To prevent adverse environmental impacts by requiring
implementation of feasible alternatives or mitigation
measures.

To identify ways to avoid or reduce environmental damage.

To disclose significant environmental effects of proposed
projects to decision-makers and the public.

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 Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
 Refers to: the evaluation of the environmental impacts likely
to raise from any project significantly affecting
environmental quality.
 It is an effective planning tool for predicting the potential
environmental effects before they occur and establish appropriate
mitigation measures.
 The EIA process consider the physical and biological
impacts of proposed developments on the:
Environment, Air, Land, Water, Plants, Animals And People.

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 cont…
 Its scope includes a review of the effects that could bring
adverse changes to the natural environment and the resulting
short-term and long-term effects that these changes could
have on the people.
 It also ensures that the public and responsible authorities are
aware of any environmental risks that may be associated
with a proposed project.
 At the end of an EIA, the project is either approved or
denied by the Minister.

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 Basic principles
 EIA establishes a systematic method for:
 incorporating environmental and

 sustainable considerations into decision making.

 EIA provides the necessary elements to make an informed

decision.

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EIA can
Modify and improve the project design

Ensure efficient resource use to achieve sustainable

development

Enhance social equity

Identify the measures for monitoring and managing

environmental impacts

Provide project sustainability

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Environmental impact assessment seeks to;
 Ensuring that the developmental options under consideration are;
Environmentally,

socially and

economically sound and sustainable

 Ensuring that any possibly adverse environmental consequences are

recognized early in the project cycle and are taken into account in
the project design

 Identify ways to improve projects environmentally and

minimize or compensate adverse impacts

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Projects categories

1. Black projects (Category “A”)

2. Grey projects (Category “B”)

3. White projects (Category “C”)

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 1. Black projects (Category “A”)
 Includes projects which due to their Significant, or
irreversible adverse impacts and sustainable environmental
impacts require a full EIA study.

 The establishment are screened by activities, quantity of

production and project size.
 Mandatory environmental impact assessment

Are required

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 2.Grey projects (Category “B”)
 includes establishments to be screened for Less significant
adverse impacts that may be easily prevented or mitigated
 The establishment is categorized by activities, quantity of
production and project size.
 The applicant must carry out a more elaborate envntal
screening to identify more precisely potential negative
impacts

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 3.White projects (Category “C”)
Include establishments and project with minimal or no
adverse environmental impacts.
No further environmental and/ or social analysis or
assessment required.

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Steps in EIA process
 EIA has a systematic process that examines consequences of the

development actions.

 The EIA process involves three steps;

Step 1: The Initial Environmental Review
Takes place as early as possible when a project concept or proposal is
identified.
The step allows for category c” projects to be identified and excluded
at this stage.
The project proposal should be sufficiently developed to identify an
initial list of environmental and social issues, potential negative
impacts. 13
 Cont…
The results of the review are documented in the
Environmental and Social Review Form (ESRF)
This must be reviewed and approved by the PAC before the
project can proceed to financing and implementation.

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Step2 : Environmental screening
Is the systematic assessment and documentation of the
potential environmental and socio-economic impacts of a
proposed category A or B project.
This entails the application of EIA to those projects that may
have significant environmental impacts.
It is quite likely, however, that screening is done partly by
the EIA regulations, operating in a country at the time of
assessment.

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 Cont…
The screening process can lead to a variety of outcomes,
as illustrated below:
Negative effects are identified but can be prevented or
mitigated using known best practices and design.
The project entails potentially adverse environmental risks
and impacts that are considered unacceptable.
The project needs to be significantly modified and re-
screened.

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Step 3: Environmental Scoping

This step seeks to identify the key significant environmental

issues from among a host of possible impacts of a project
and all the available alternatives.

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The following impacts of the project need to be
assessed:
 Air : the changes in ambient levels and ground level concentrations
due to total emissions from point, line and area sources, effects on
soils, materials, vegetation and human health are to be assessed.

 Noise : the changes in ambient levels, due to noise generated from

equipment and movement of vehicles, and their impact on fauna
and human health are to be assessed.

 Water : the availability to competing users, changes in quality,

sediment transport and ingress of saline water are to be assessed.

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Land : the changes in land use and drainage pattern, land quality

including effects of waste disposal, shoreline/riverbank and their

stability are to be assessed.

Biological : the level of deforestation , the impact on fauna and flora

(including aquatic species, if any) due to contaminants/ pollutants and

the impact on rare and endangered species, endemic species, and

migratory path/route of animals are to be assessed, as also the impact

on breeding and nesting grounds.

Socio-economic : the impact on the local community including

demographic changes, economic status, human health and increased

traffic are to be assessed. 19

Mitigation of adverse impacts

 For a proposed project, a recommendation of feasible cost-

effective measures to prevent or reduce significant adverse
impacts to acceptable levels are required.
 an inclusion of measures for emergency response to
accidental events, should be set as appropriate
 Estimating the impacts and costs of these measures and of the
training requirements as well
 Consideration of compensation to affected parties for impacts
which could not be mitigated
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 Conclusion
 EIAis a safeguard tool for developers indicating that Protection is better
than treatment

 EIA financial loads of curing environmental impacts are always very high,
e.g., treatment costs are usually higher than tacking precaution, especially at

the project's early stages

 EIA could be visualized as a dose of vaccine given to an infant to protect

him/her from invasion of dangerous virus that could cause vital physical

and financial defects at the coming stages of his life. As with vaccine, the

ramification of neglected or skipping an EIA are serious

 EIA strategies offer the potential to cut emissions and pollution thus
reducing the firm's future compliance and liability costs 21
The end

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 Reference

Environmental Guidelines for Selected Industrial , Bangkok. (1990)

http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/corethemes/theme/pests/
pm/en94/index.ht
http://www.fao.org/waicent/faoinfo/agricult/agp/agpp/pesticid/disp
osal/en/103194/index.ht

Health Assessment Guidance Manual. Chelsea, MI:

Lewis,(1992)
Green Alliance (2000) Steps into Uncertainty: Handling Risk and
Scientific Uncertainty,
Green Alliance and Economic and Social Research Council Global
Environmental Change Programme.Available at:
http://www.rebeccawillis.co.uk/downloads/StepsIntoUn
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Thank yuo

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