Quality Characteristics

and
Market
of
Nutmeg Oil
(Karakteristik Mutu dan Pasar Minyak Atsiri Pala)

Kushvendra Kumar
MSc. Organic Chemistry & MBA
(PT Aroma Atsiri Indonesia)
 TOPICS
01 Introduction

02 Quality Parameters

03 Adulteration/Contamination

04 Applications

05 Demand and Supply

06 Customer Requirements

07 Prospects

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 01 Introduction
1. Indonesia is the 3rd largest essential oil
producer in Asia after China and India.

2. Indonesia is the 7th largest producer in the

world.

3. Majority share of nutmeg in worldwide is

only from Indonesia (70%), Grenada (20%),
India & Sri Lanka (10%).

4. Indonesia produce almost 80% Nutmeg Oil

essential oil from world demand.

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 Introduction
 Nutmeg requires a hot, humid climate without a pronounced dry season,
with an annual rainfall of 150 cm and more.

 Areas with clay loam, sandy loam and red laterite soils are ideal for its
growth. Unlike labour intensive crops, such as vanilla, nutmeg is relatively
easy to maintain and harvest.

 The female nutmeg tree starts bearing fruit from the fifth or sixth year but
may take up to eight years. It takes about 15 to 20 years to reach full
production depending on favorable climatic conditions.

 The tree continues to yield well for 10 to 20 years and sometimes even
longer, based on the climate and upkeep.

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 Introduction Production Area

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 Introduction Category Product

Essential Oil Oleoresin Butter

7-20% 5-10% (10-20%)

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 Introduction Category RM

Sulawesi- use only broken but the floxins & carcinogenic are too high.
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02
Quality Parameters
 02
Quality Parameters
SNI 06-2388-2006
S. No. Parameters Limits
1. Colour Colourless to pale yellow
2. Bobot Jenis/Specific Gravity at 20/20deg. 0.880 – 0.910
3. Indeks bias (nD20)/ Refractive Index 1.470 – 1.497
4. Putaran optic/Optical Rotation at 20 deg. +8 to +25
5. Bau/Odour Profile Specific to Nutmeg
6. Sisa penguapan/ Residual Evaporation Max 2%
7. Kelarutan dalam etanol 90% pada suhu 20deg. 1:3 Clear Soluble
8 Myristicin Content Min 10%

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 02
Quality Parameters
ISO 3215:1998(E)
S. No. Parameters Limits
1. Colour Almost colourless to pale yellow
2. Odour Spicy, Sweet, Aromatic
3. Relative Density/Specific Gravity at 20deg. 0.885 – 0.907
4. Refractive Index at 20deg. 1.475 – 1.485
5. Optical Rotation at 20 deg. +6 to +18
6. Solubility in 90% Ethanol at 20deg. 1:3 Clear soluble
7. Residue on Evaporation Max 2%
8. Myristicin Content 5-12%

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 02
Quality Parameters
Chromatograph Nutmeg Oil

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 02
Quality Parameters

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 02
Quality Parameters

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03
Adulteration & Contamination
 03
Adulteration & Contamination

Several reports of adulteration in nutmeg oil indicate

Indonesia is facing contamination:

 Contaminated with kerosene.

 Mixing with vegetable oil.
 Mixing with other essential oil.
 Contamination with Plasticizer

Due to the above contamination, Nutmeg Oil

Indonesia lost its reputation in the World Market.

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 1.5
03
uV(x100,000)
Adulteration & Contamination

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 min

Mixed with Turpentine

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 03
Adulteration & Contamination
uV(x10,000)

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0 min

Mixed with Turpentine

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 03
Adulteration & Contamination
3.5
(x1,000,000)

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0

Mixed with Vegetable Oil

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04
Applications
 04
Applications
Because of its aroma, nutmeg oil is used as a natural spice extract and as a perfume in
the cosmetic industry. In particular, the oil has been used as a flavoring agent, replacing
nutmeg powder to avoid leaving particulate matter in food and beverages. For example,
the oil has been used as a flavoring for baked goods, beverages, candies, meats and
syrups.

Pepsi & Coca Cola uses a minimum of 200 MT of nutmeg oil per year, which makes
them the largest buyer of nutmeg oil in the world (the world's demand for nutmeg oil is
500MT per year).

In 1992, Procter and Gamble launched Vicks, a drowsy, alcohol-free cough syrup, in
which nutmeg oil was the main ingredient.
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 04
Applications

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 04
Application
1. Assists digestive problems :  In treating loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, flatulence, constipation, chronic vomiting and
gallstones.

2. Acts as a tonic to the brain and mind: Nutmeg essential oil augments the brain power and aids in improving
concentration and memory skills. The presence of the chemical component myristicin in this oil has been proved to
enhance memory power and restrain the growth of an enzyme in the brain

3. Alleviates pain and inflammation: Nutmeg essential oil is banked upon for its effectiveness in relieving all kinds of pain

and inflammation in the body.

4. Serves as a natural sleeping aid: Nutmeg has been used as a natural sleeping aid for centuries together for its soothing,

sedative, calming and relaxing properties.

5. Nutmeg is also known as a liver tonic and aids in eliminating the toxins from the liver.
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 04
Application
Nutmeg Butter

Nutmeg butter, in dilution, has

traditionally been used to soothe skin
irritations. It can be added to soap,
creams, lotions, lip balms, body
butters, shampoo, hair pomades and
rinse-out hair conditioners, and bath
bombs.

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 04
Application

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05Demand and Supply
 05
Demand and Supply

600-650 MT > 200-250MT

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 05Demand and Supply
Worldwide demand for nutmeg oil is estimated to reach 600-650 tons per year, but unfortunately the total
output in Indonesia in 2021 only reached 250 tons. Even though the output of nutmeg oil is decreasing –
judging from the 2022 estimate which is lower than last year – demand is exceeding supply, keeping prices
high.

There are many new plantations in the Java & Sumatra region but these plantations can only produce after
8-10 years. Many parties have tried to expand the supply of nutmeg oil from East Indonesia (Manado-
Sulawesi), but the quality is still not good (low myristicin, high methyl eugenol). Moreover, most of them
come from different varieties or even different species ((Myristica argantea not Myristica fragrans).

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06Customer Requirements
 06Customer Requirements
 Nutmeg oil and its derivatives are produced exclusively in the importing country where end users
require higher quality and strict control during production. However, Indonesia is a major
supplier of nutmeg and mace (mace) oil with more than 75% share of the world market.

 The main ingredients of nutmeg oil are alpha-pinene, sabinene, beta-pinene, safrole, methyl
eugenol and myristicin.

 The high presentation of safrole and methyl eugenol is

prohibited in the flavor and aroma industry mainly due to
concerns over their potential carcinogenic properties.

 The high percentage of Acid value is also prohibited in

cosmetic Industry.
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07
Prospects
 07
Prospects
The global nutmeg market is
expected to secure US$
713.7 Million in 2030 while
expanding at a CAGR
of 6.5%. The market is likely
to hold a value of US$ 378.8
Million in 2021.

29% share in Skin care

products.

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 07
Prospects

 The market prospects in the essential oil sector lie in increasing consumption in developing
countries along with economic growth and increased consumption of "flavor & fragrance"
products.

 In the economies of India and China – the most populous countries – this has already happened.
The economies of these countries increased sharply and their social and cultural patterns were
influenced by Western countries. This is expected to increase the demand for essential oils from
these countries.

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 07
Prospects
 This shows that there is a big opportunity to enter the world essential oil market. This
opportunity exists in the aromatherapy sector. Since the 2000s, the aromatherapy industry has
experienced tremendous growth in industrialized countries. Although distillation can occur
throughout the year in Indonesia, there has been a significant reduction in activity during year
2021 & 2022.

 The demand for essential oils by major markets such as Europe, America & Japan is quite high,
considering that the population continues to grow and the markets that meet their needs are well
managed. Consumption is expected not to decrease because essential oils have become part of
their culture.

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 Thankyou very much!
Office & Manufacturing

Jl Raya Semen Cibinong Kp Momonot

RT 03 rw 16 Desa Tlajung Udik, Kec Gunung
Putri, Kab Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat

Phone : 021-8670983
HP :+62 85218494203

Email: Info@aromaatsiri.com
Website : www.aromaatsiri.com

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