Akuntansi Keuangan 1

Chapter 4
Income Statement and
Related Information

Dosen Pengampu :
Dr. Dianwicaksih Arieftiara, Ak., M.Ak., CA., CSRS
Satria Yudha Wijaya, SE., M.S.Ak
Shinta Widyastuti, SE., Ak., M.Acc., CA.
Masripah, M.S.Ak., CPSAK.
 Income Statement and
Related Information
TUJUAN
PEMBELAJARAN
Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda diharapkan mampu:
1. Memahami penggunaan dan 4. Menjelaskan pelaporan
Batasan laporan laba rugi. perubahan akuntansi dan
2. Memahami isi dan format kesalahan.
laporan laba rugi. 5. Memahami keterkaitan
3. Menjelaskan bagaimana dengan laporan ekuitas.
melaporkan pos laporan laba
rugi.

2-2
 Income Statement

Usefulness
 Evaluate past performance.

 Predicting future performance.

 Help assess the risk or uncertainty of

achieving future cash flows.

2-3 LO 1
 Income Statement

Limitations
 Companies omit items that cannot be
measured reliably.

 Income numbers are affected by the

accounting methods employed.

 Income measurement involves

judgment.

2-4 LO 1
 Content and Format of the
Income Statement

Element Laporan Laba Rugi

Income – Kenaikan manfaat ekonomi selama suatu periode
akuntansi dalam bentuk:
 arus masuk atau penambahan asset atau
 Penurunan liabilitas

yang mengakibatkan kenaikan ekuitas yang tidak berasal dari

kontribusi pemegang saham.

2-5 LO 2
 Elements of the Income Statement

Income includes both revenues and gains.

 Revenues - ordinary activities of a company
 Gains - may or may not arise from ordinary activities.

Revenue Accounts Gain Accounts

 Sales  Gains on the sale of long-
 Fee term assets
 Interest  Unrealized gains on trading
securities
 Dividend
 Rent

2-6 LO 2
 Elements of the Income Statement

Expenses – penurunan manfaat ekonomi selama suatu

periode akuntansi dalam bentuk
 arus kas keluar atau berkurangnya aset atau
 terjadinya liabilitas

yang mengakibatkan penurunan ekuitas yang tidak terkait

dengan distribusi kepada pemegang saham.

2-7 LO 2
 Elements of the Income Statement

Expenses include both expenses and losses.

 Expenses - ordinary activities of a company
 Losses - may or may not arise from ordinary activities.

Expense Accounts Loss Accounts

 Cost of goods sold
 Depreciation
 Interest
 Rent Salary and
wages
 Taxes
 Losses on restructuring
charges
 Losses on to sale of long-term
assets
 Unrealized losses on trading
securities

2-8 LO 2
 1. Sales or Revenue
2. Cost of Goods Sold
Income Gross Profit
Statement 3. Selling Expenses
4. Administrative or General Expenses
Intermediate 5. Other Income and Expense
Components
Income from Operations
Companies generally 6. Financing costs
present some or all of Income before Income Tax
these sections and totals
7. Income Tax
within the income
Income from Continuing Operations
statement.
8. Discontinued Operations
Net Income
9. Non-Controlling Interest
10. Earnings Per Share
2-9
 1
Format of the
Income 2

Statement 3

Includes all of the

major items in
4
previous list, except
for discontinued
operations.
5

ILLUSTRATION 4.2 9
Income Statement
10
2-10
Condensed
Income Statement

More representative of
the type found in
practice.

ILLUSTRATION 4.3
Condensed Income
Statement

Company prepares
supplementary
schedules to
ILLUSTRATION 4.4
support the totals. Sample Supporting
Schedule
2-11
 Reporting Various Income Items

Gross Profit
 Computed by deducting cost of goods sold from net
sales.
 Provides a useful number for evaluating performance
and predicting future earnings.

Unusual or incidental revenues are disclosed in other income

and expense.

2-12 LO 3
 Reporting Various Income Items

Income from Operations

 Ditentukan dengan mengurangi beban penjualan dan

administrasi sebagaimana pendapatan dan beban
lainnya dari laba bruto.
 Menyoroti pos-pos yang mempengaruhi aktivitas bisnis
rutin.
 Digunakan oleh para analis untuk membantu
memprediksi jumlah, waktu, dan ketidakpastian arus
kas masa depan.

2-13 LO 3
 Income From Operations
Expense Classification

Nature Function

 Cost of materials used  Employee benefits

 Direct labor incurred  Depreciation expense
 Delivery expense  Amortization expense
 Advertising expense

2-14 LO 3
 Income From Operations
Expense Classification

Nature Function

 Cost of goods sold

 Selling expenses
 Administrative
expenses

2-15 LO 3
 Income From Operations

Expense Classification

Illustration: The firm of Telaris Co. performs audit, tax, and

consulting services. It has the following revenues and expenses.

2-16 LO 3
 Expense Classification

Nature-of-Expense Approach
ILLUSTRATION 4.5

2-17 LO 3
 Expense Classification

Function-of-Expense Approach
ILLUSTRATION 4.6

The function-of-expense method is generally used in practice

although many companies believe both approaches have merit.
2-18 LO 3
 Income From Operations

Gains and Losses

IASB takes the position that both

 revenues and expenses and
 other income and expense

should be reported as part of income from operations.

Perusahaan dapat memberikan tambahan baris, judul, dan subtotal

ketika penyajian pos tersebut relevan dengan pemahaman kinerja
keuangan entitas.

2-19 LO 3
 Income From Operations

Gains and Losses

Pos tambahan yang mungkin memerlukan pengungkapan dalam

laporan laba rugi:
 Kerugian atas penghapusan persediaan ke nilai reaslisasi neto
atau nilai aset tetap ke jumlah terpulihkan, dan pembalikan dari
pernghapusan tersebut.
 Kerugian atas restrukturisasi dari aktivitas perusahaan serta
pembalikan dari penyisihan untuk beban restrukturisasi tersebut.
 Keuntungan dan kerugian atas pelepasan pos aset tetap atau
investasi.
 Penyelesaian tuntutan hukum.
 Pembalikan lain atas liabilitas.
2-20 LO 3
 Reporting Various Income Items

Net Income

Represents the income after all

 revenues and

 expenses

for the period are considered.

Viewed by many as the most important measure of a

company’s success or failure for a given period of time.

2-21 LO 3
 Reporting Various Income Items

Earnings per Share

Net Income - Preferred Dividends

Weighted Average of Ordinary Shares
Outstanding
 A significant business indicator.
 Measures the dollars earned by each ordinary share.
 Must be disclosed on the face of the income statement.

2-22 LO 3
 Earnings per Share

Illustration: Lancer, Inc. reports net income of $350,000. It

declares and pays preferred dividends of $50,000 for the year.
The weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding
during the year is 100,000 shares. Lancer computes earnings
per share as follows:
ILLUSTRATION 4.9

Net Income - Preferred Dividends

Weighted Average of Ordinary Shares Outstanding

$350,000 - $50,000
= $3.00 per share
100,000

2-23 LO 3
 Reporting Various Income Items

Discontinued Operations
Sebagai komponen dari entitas yang telah dilepaskan, atau
diklasifikasikan sebagai dimiliki untuk dijual, dan:
1. merupakan lini bisnis utama atau wilayah geografis operasi,
atau

2. merupakan bagian dari rencana tunggal yang

dikoordinasikan Bersama untuk melepaskan lini bisnis
utama atau wilayah geografis operasi, atau

3. Merupakan entitas anak yang diakuisisi secara eksklusif

dengan pandangan untuk dijual kembali.
2-24 LO 3
 Discontinued Operations

Companies report as discontinued operations

1. (in a separate income statement category) the gain or loss
from disposal of a component of a business.

2. The results of operations of a component that has been or

will be disposed of separately from continuing operations.

3. The effects of discontinued operations net of tax as a

separate category, after continuing operations.

2-25 LO 3
 Discontinued Operations

Illustration: KC Products, a highly diversified company, decides

to discontinue its electronics division. During the current year,
the electronics division lost £300,000 (net of tax). KC sold the
division at the end of the year at a loss of £500,000 (net of tax).

Income from continuing operations £20,000,000

Discontinued operations:
Loss from operations, net of tax 300,000
Loss on disposal, net of tax 500,000
Total loss on discontinued operations 800,000
Net income £19,200,000
ILLUSTRATION 4.10
Income Statement Presentation
2-26 of Discontinued Operations LO 3
 Discontinued Operations
ILLUSTRATION 4.11
A company that
reports a
discontinued
operation must
report per share
amounts for the
line item either on
the face of the
income statement
or in the notes to
the financial
statements.

2-27
 ILLUSTRATION 4.11
Income Statement

Divide by
weighted-
average
shares
outstanding

EPS

2-28
Earnings per Share LO 3
 Intraperiod Tax Allocation

Discontinued Operations (Gain)

Illustration: Schindler AG has income before income tax of

€250,000. It has a gain of €100,000 from a discontinued
operation. Assuming a 30 percent income tax rate, Schindler
presents the following information on the income statement.

ILLUSTRATION 4.12

2-29 LO 3
 Intraperiod Tax Allocation

Discontinued Operations (Loss)

Illustration: Schindler AG has income before income tax of

€250,000. It has a loss of €100,000 from a discontinued
operation. Assuming a 30 percent income tax rate, Schindler
presents the following information on the income statement.

ILLUSTRATION 4.13

2-30 LO 3
 Intraperiod Tax Allocation

Discontinued Operations (Loss)

Companies may also report the tax effect of a discontinued item

by means of a note disclosure.

ILLUSTRATION 4.14

2-31 LO 3
 Reporting Various Income Items

Allocation to Non-Controlling Interest

When a company prepares a consolidated income statement,

IFRS requires that net income be allocated to the controlling
and non-controlling interest. This allocation is reported at the
bottom of the income statement, after net income.

ILLUSTRATION 4.15 (amounts given)

Presentation of Non-Controlling Interest

2-32 LO 3
 Reporting Various Income Items
BE4-3: Presented below is some financial information related to
Volaire Group. Compute the following: Other
Income and
Expense
Revenues €800,000
Income from continuing operations 100,000 €800,000
Comprehensive income 120,000
Net income 90,000 100,000
Income from operations 220,000
Selling and administrative expenses 500,000 120,000
Income before income tax 200,000
90,000
2-33 €80,000 LO 3
 Reporting Various Income Items
BE4-3: Presented below is some financial information related to
Volaire Group. Compute the following:
Financing
Costs
Revenues €800,000
Income from continuing operations 100,000 €800,000
Comprehensive income 120,000
Net income 90,000 100,000
Income from operations 220,000
Selling and administrative expenses 500,000 120,000
Income before income tax 200,000
90,000
2-34 €20,000 LO 3
 Reporting Various Income Items
BE4-3: Presented below is some financial information related to
Volaire Group. Compute the following:

Income Tax

Revenues €800,000
Income from continuing operations 100,000 €800,000
Comprehensive income 120,000
Net income 90,000 - 100,000
Income from operations 220,000
Selling and administrative expenses 500,000 120,000
Income before income tax 200,000
90,000
2-35 €100,000 LO 3
 Reporting Various Income Items
BE4-3: Presented below is some financial information related to
Volaire Group. Compute the following:
Discontinued
Operations
Revenues €800,000
Income from continuing operations 100,000 €800,000
Comprehensive income 120,000
Net income 90,000 100,000
Income from operations 220,000
Selling and administrative expenses 500,000 120,000
Income before income tax 200,000
- 90,000
2-36 - €10,000 LO 3
 Reporting Various Income Items
BE4-3: Presented below is some financial information related to
Volaire Group. Compute the following: Other
Comprehensive
Income
Revenues €800,000
Income from continuing operations 100,000 €800,000
Comprehensive income 120,000
Net income 90,000 100,000
Income from operations 220,000
Selling and administrative expenses 500,000 120,000
Income before income tax 200,000
- 90,000
2-37 €30,000 LO 3
 Retained Earnings Statement

Restrictions on Retained Earnings

Disclosed
 In notes to the financial statements.
 As Appropriated Retained Earnings.

2-38 LO 5
 Related Equity Statements

Comprehensive Income
Semua perubahan ekuitas selama suatu periode kecuali yang
dihasilkan dari investasi oleh pemilik dan distribusi kepada
pemilik.
Meliputi:
 semua pendapatan dan keuntungan, beban dan kerugian
yang dilaporkan dalam laba neto, serta
 semua keuntungan dan kerugian yang tidak diakui dalam
laba neto, tetapi mempengaruhi ekuitas.

2-39 LO 5
 Comprehensive Income
Net Income
Income Statement (in thousands)
Other Comprehensive
Sales
Cost of goods sold
$ 285,000
149,000 + Income
Gross profit 136,000
Operating expenses:
 Unrealized gains and
Selling expenses 10,000 losses on non-trading
Administrative expenses 43,000 equity securities.
Total operating expense 53,000  Translation gains and
Income from operations 83,000
Other revenue (expense):
losses on foreign
Interest revenue 17,000 currency.
Interest expense (21,000)  Plus others
Total other (4,000)
Income before taxes 79,000
Income tax expense 24,000 Reported in Equity
Net income $ 55,000

2-40 LO 5
 Comprehensive Income

Companies must display the components of other

comprehensive income in one of two ways:

1. A single continuous statement (one statement

approach) or

2. two separate, but consecutive statements of net income

and other comprehensive income (two statement
approach).

2-41 LO 5
 Comprehensive Income

One Statement Approach ILLUSTRATION 4.21

One Statement Format:
Comprehensive Income

Advantage –
does not require
the creation of a
new financial
statement.

Disadvantage -
net income buried
as a subtotal on
the statement.

2-42 LO 5
 Comprehensive Income

Two Statement Illustration 4-19

Approach

ILLUSTRATION 4.22
Two Statement Format:
Comprehensive Income

2-43
 Related Equity Statements

Statement of Changes in Equity

Required, in addition to a statement of comprehensive

income.
 Generally comprised of
► Share capital—ordinary,
► Share premium—ordinary,
► Retained earnings, and the
► Accumulated balances in other comprehensive
income.

2-44 LO 5
 Statement of Changes in Equity

Reports the change in each equity account and in total

equity for the period. Includes the following:
1. Accumulated comprehensive income for the period.

2. Contributions (issuances of shares) and distributions

(dividends) to owners.

3. Reconciliation of the carrying amount of each component

of equity from the beginning to the end of the period.

2-45 LO 5
 Statement of Changes in Equity

ILLUSTRATION 4.23
Statement of Changes in Equity

2-46 LO 5
 Statement of Changes in Equity

Regardless of the display format used, V. Gill reports the

accumulated other comprehensive income of €90,000 in the
equity section of the statement of financial position as follows.

ILLUSTRATION 4.24
2-47 Presentation of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in the Statement of Financial Position LO 5
Terima Kasih
Daftar Referensi
• Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield. (2020). Intermediate Accounting
IFRS Edition. Fourth Edition. John Wiley & Sons.