Lecture One

GOVERNANCE AND
LEADERSHIP
Maruf Hasan Rumi
Lecturer
Department of Public Administration
University of Dhaka
 GOVERNANCE
Governance is the process of interactions through the laws, norms,
power or language of an organized society over a social system
(family, tribe, formal or informal organization, a territory or across
territories). It is done by the government of a state, by a market, or by
a network.

The literature on the new governance highlights the role of markets,

networks, and non-state actors. It thereby weakens the distinction
between states and other domains of social order. All social and political
regimes appear to depend on a pattern of rule, or form of governance,
no matter how informal it might be. Hence, the term governance has
come to refer to social and political orders other than the state.

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 GOVERNANCE
The term governance can be used specifically to describe
changes in the nature and role of the state following the public-
sector reforms of the 1980s and ’90s. Typically, these reforms are
said to have led to a shift from a hierarchic bureaucracy toward
a greater use of markets, quasi-markets, and networks,
especially in the delivery of public services.
The effects of the reforms were intensified by global changes,
including an increase in transnational economic activity and
the rise of regional institutions such as the European Union
(EU). So understood, governance expresses a widespread belief
that the state increasingly depends on other organizations to
secure its intentions, deliver its policies, and establish a pattern of
rule.
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 PARADIGMS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND ORIGIN
OF GOVERNANCE

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5

The politics- The principles of Public Public Public

administration administration, administration as administration as administration as
dichotomy, 1927–1937 political science, management, public
1900–1926. 1950–1970. 1956–1970 administration,
1970–present

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 PARADIGMS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND ORIGIN
OF GOVERNANCE

Stage 6 Stage 7 Stage 8 Stage 9 Stage 10

New Public New Public Reinventing New Public Government to

Administration Management Government Service Governance

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 POLITICS ADMINISTRATION DICHOTOMY

 Emphasis of paradigm 1 was on locus, where the Public Administration should be.
 Politics and administration are two distinct functions of government
 Politics shouldn’t intrude on administration. 
 Management lends itself to scientific study.
 Public administration is capable of becoming a value free science. 
 The mission of administration is economy and efficiency.

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 THE PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATION

 Emphasis of paradigm two was focus on the principles of administration.

 High noon of Orthodoxy- All the management principles are applicable all over the world.
 Scientific management
 Bureaucratic management
 POSDCoRB

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 THE CHALLENGES

 Chester I. Barnard’s “The function of executive”.

 Politics administration dichotomy is wrong
 Principles of administration to be abandon
 Herbert Simon’s “ Administration Behaviour”
 Every principles could be neglected by a counter principle

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 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AS POLITICAL SCIENCE

 Reestablish the linkage between Public Administration and Political Science

 Comparative Public Administration
 Comparative Administrative Group

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 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AS MANAGEMENT

 Public Administrationists began searching for alternative other than political science.
 Provided organization theory and management science.
 Dilemma between private and public administration.
 The concept of Public interest and Public Affair was included.
 The management sometimes called as administrative science.

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 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AS PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

 Basically, associated with the previous approach: ‘public administrationists’ becoming more comfortable
being ‘public administrationists’; rather than, say, political scientists, or business management specialists, or
sociologists, who study public administration.
 The term “Public Affairs” become popularized. And Public administrationists become more concern on the
area of policy science, political economy, public policy making process, measurement of policy outputs

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 NEW PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

 The New Public Administration considers mankind as having the potentiality of becoming perfect.
 It stresses the central role of personal and organizational values or ethics.
 Social equity should be the guiding factor for public administration.
 The New Public Administration advocates a client-centered approach.
 The New Public Administration places emphasis in innovation and change.

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 NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT

 Public choice theory

 Managerialism
 Decentralized public administration
 Small government system
 Privatization
 Market based administrative system
 Citizen treated as customer

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 REINVENTING GOVERNMENT

Dominant principles of reinventing government

 Catalytic Government.
 Community-Owned Government.
 Competitive Government.
 Mission-Driven Government.
 Result-Oriented Government.

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 NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

 Civic participation
 Shared public interest
 Citizens treated as citizens
 Bottom-up accountability

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 GOVERNMENT TO GOVERNANCE

 The links between public agencies and the rest of society are
better appreciated
 There is a more conscious recognition that the public good
can be provided by nonprofit, and especially for-profit
organizations.
 Collaborative and more engagement from the partner
organization
 Flexible but more accountable.
 Open and transparent.

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