Newcastle Disease (ND)

DEFINITION OF DISEASE
IT IS AVIRAL DISEASE CAUSED BY PARAMYXO VIRUS AND IT PRODUSE MEAM AGGLUTINATION SO IT CAUSE NERVOUS AND HEAMORAGIC SIGNS in birds specially (chicken - pegionpegionturkey )

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Newcastle Disease
Newcastle disease causes a range of problems from mild airsacculitis to neurotropic and visertropic lesions. Picture 1 shows a breeder with torticollis due to central nervous system damage. Picture 2 shows hemorrhages in the proventriculus glands.

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Newcastle Disease (NCD)

Velogenic Viscerotropic Newcastle disease (VVND) or Asiatic Newcastle disease (AND)

NCD is in its chronic form an infection of domestic fowl with symptoms such as rejection of food, listlessness, abnormal breathing, discharge from eyes and greenish diarrhea. Mortality in chicken is 50 80 %, but in adults much lower due to available vaccination.

VVND is an acute, fatal infection of birds of all ages with predominant hemorrhagic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, severe depression, and death prior to clinical manifestations. This disease is caused by the most virulent strain of the Newcastle disease virus. The virus of VVND is very resistant and remains viable at extreme pH and temperature ranges, and may remain viable in the bone marrow of poultry carcasses for weeks.

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Transmission : By direct contact, fomites, and by aerosols through coughing, gasping and respiratory fluids.
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The virus has a wind borne potential for spread creating quite a challenge for control and prevention. Faeces and insect and rodent vectors are also involved in the transmission. Antemortem findings : 1. The incubation period varies from 2 15 days. 2. Depression and loss of appetite 3. Sudden death

4. Dark ring around the eye (black eye) 5. Edema of the head. Swelling of the lower eyelid, often accompanied by conjunctivitis (Fig. 190).
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6. Excessive fluids from the respiratory tract 7. Paralyzed wings and twisting of the head and neck (torticollis) Postmortem findings : Acute form 1. Peracute deaths will often show no discernible lesions in some of the first birds dying in an outbreak. 2. The oesophagus shows haemorrhage and erosions. 3. Edema of the head and neck

NCD. Swelling of the lower eyelid and conjunctivitis.

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4. The mucosa of the trachea is frequently hemorrhagic (upper).

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5. Hemorrhages are throughout the gastrointestinal tract with a tendency to ulcerate and become necrotic as the disease progresses. 6. In the intestine there is generally an inflammatory response and marked involvement of the cecal tonsils and Peyer's patches (middle) 7. The mucosal lining of the proventriculus is a frequent site of hemorrhage, especially at the junction between the esophagus and proventriculus (bottom). 8. Edematous or hemorrhagic ovaries

ND NCD. Acute form: Hemorrhage in the mucosa of the trachea

large intestine, particularly cecal tonsils proventriculus and gizzard.

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9. In hens that have survived the disease, there is a tendency to lay misshapen eggs or develop egg yolk peritonitis.
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Chronic form 1. Catarrhal inflammation of the respiratory system 2. Edema in surrounding connective tissue Judgment : Birds with VVND or NCD should not be admitted to the abattoir. If disease is suspected laboratory confirmation should be obtained.

~If confirmed, carcass is condemned and premises with equipment should be disinfected.
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~In case that laboratory confirmation is not possible, suspected carcasses should be also condemned. ~Differential diagnosis : ~VVND and NCD must be differentiated from the following diseases: ~Infectious bronchitis, laryngotracheitis, fowl cholera, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), fowl pox (diphtheritic form), psittacosis, acute Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection, avian encephalomyelitis, vitamin E deficiency, Marek's disease and Pacheco's disease in parrots

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Nervous symptoms in 5 weeks old broiler (torticollis).

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Diphtheroid inflammation (left) of the Peyer's patches (intestinal lymphoid tissue) that later turns to necrotic-ulcerative lesion (right). These lesions are almost pathognomonic for velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease.
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Embryos showing diffuse hemorrhages after inoculation of NDV into the allantoic cavity.

Nervous symptoms in 8 weeks old turkey (torticollis). Waving movements of the head and neck.
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Nervous symptoms in 8 weeks old turkey (torticollis). Waving movements of the head and neck.

Nervous symptoms in 4 weeks old turkey (torticollis).

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Nervous symptoms in 4 weeks old turkey (torticollis).

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Nervous symptoms in 4 weeks old turkey (torticollis).

Vac cina tion

Combination Freeze-dried Live Vaccine against Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bronchitis Ocular (Eye Drop) or Nasal (Nose Drop) Vaccination: After reconstitution, dilute 1000 doses to 40 ml in sterile distilled water.
Vaccines

Administer one drop into the eye or nose of each bird using a standard vaccine dropper. Coarse spray can replace ocular administration. Oral (Drinking Water) Vaccination: After reconstitution, dilute 1000 doses in 10 liters of drinking water for birds till 2 weeks of age, in 20 liters till 8 weeks, and in 40 liters for older birds.

Deprive birds of water for 1-2 hours before vaccination and supply the vaccine as the only source of drinking water. Avoid chlorinated water if in doubt use sterile distilled water or add 50 g skim milk powder to 10 liters of drinking water.
Vaccines

The vaccine should be available to all birds at one time and should be consumed within 2-3 hours. Do not renew normal water supply until the vaccinemedicated drinking water has been completely consumed. Spray vaccination: After reconstitution dilute 1000 doses in 150-300 ml of sterile distilled water, shake well and spray the chicks.

Vaccines

Use a sprayer consultant.

approved

by

your

veterinary

This method of vaccination should be used only in flocks that are Mycoplasma free. Initial spray vaccination should be performed with a sprayer, which delivers droplets of more than 100 microns in size (coarse spray).

Vaccines

Recommended vaccination programs For broilers, breeders or layers

Age of vaccination 1 day 14 -21 days 7-9 weeks Methods of administration drinking water, eye/nose drop, coarse spray drinking water, eye/nose drop, spray drinking water, eye/nose drop, spray

before point of lay inactivated vaccine recommended

Vaccines

ECONOMIC IMPORTANT
IT PRODUSE A LARG LOSE IN ANY FARM IF IT OCCURTHERE BECAUSE IT PRODUSE HIGH PERCENT MORTALTY SPECIALLY IN SMALL

AI

THE CONTROL OF NEWCASTEL

1-USING AGOOD VACCINATION SYSTEM 2-USING GENETIC TEQUNICS PRODUSE MORE RESISTANT BREED 3-FARM MOST HASE AGOOD COSTRUCTION AND HEALTH SYSTEMS

THE END