Ripple Counters

Counters come in two categories: Ripple

counters (Asynchronous Counters) and
Synchronous counters.
In a Ripple counter, the flip-flop output
transition serves as a source for triggering
other flip-flops.
In other words, the CP inputs of all flip-
flops (except the first) are triggered not by
the incoming pulses, but rather by the
transition that occurs in other flip-flops.
 Ripple Counters
In a Synchronous counter, the input
pulses are applied to all CP inputs of all
flip-flops.
The change of state of a particular flip-
flop is dependent on the present state of
other flip-flops.