Chapter3 ComplexFractionsDecimals Etc

Chapter 3
Complex Fractions, Decimals, Order

Relations and Order of Operations
Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

1-1 1
A. Com ple x Fraction s
These a re fractions that contain one or more fra ctions in the num erator and/or denom ina tor.
Examples:
5 1

1)
24 8
2
3
5 6

2)
6 5
1 2

5 3
1 5 7
 
3)
4 15 9
4
3
5
1-2 2
B . To i d e n t i fy t h e o rd e r re la t i o n b e t w e e n t w o fra c t i o n s
To fin d t h e or der r ela t ion bet ween t wo fr a ct ion s wit h t h e sa m e den om in a t or , com pa r e n u m er a t or s.
Th e fr a ct ion t h a t h a s t h e sm a ller n u m er a t or is t h e s m a ller fr a ct ion . Wh en t h e den om in a t or s a r e
differ en t , begin by wr it in g equ iva len t fr a ct ion s wit h a com m on den om in a t or ; t h en com pa r e
n u m er a t or s .
E x a m p le 1 : P la ce t h e cor r ect sym bol, < or >, bet ween t h e t wo n u m ber s .

6 3
8 8
S o lu t i o n :
6 3
>
8 8
E x a m p le 2:
11 5
F in d t h e or der r ela t ion bet ween and .
18 8
S o lu t i o n :
Th e LCM of 18 a n d 8 is 72.
11 44
= sm a ller n u m er a t or
18 72
5 45
= La r ger n u m er a t or
8 72
11 5
 <
18 8

1-3 3
EXERCISES:
Place the correct symbol, < or >, between the two numbers.
11 19 2 5 5 7 17 11 5 7
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
40 40 3 7 8 12 16 16 12 15

1-4 4
C. To s i m p l i fy e x p r e s s i o n s c o n t a i n i n g e x p o n e n t s
Re p ea t ed m u lt ip lica t ion of t h e s a m e fr a ct ion ca n be wr it t en in t wo wa ys :
4  Exponent
1 1 1 1 1
   or  
2 2 2 2 2
Th e exp on e n t in d ica t es h ow m a n y t im es t h e fr a ct ion occu r s a s a fa ct or in t h e m u lt ip lica t ion . Th e
4
1
exp r e s s ion   is in exp on e n t ia l n ot a t ion .
2
E x a m p le 1:
3 2
 5 3
S im p lify:    
 6 5
S o lu t i o n :
3 2
 5  3  5 5 5 3 3
    =      
6 5 6 6 6 5 5
1 1 1 1
55533 5
= =
2 3 23 2355 24
1 1 1 1
E x a m p le 2:
2
 7  2
S im p lify:    
 11   7 
S o lu t i o n :
2
 7  2 7 7 2
    =  
 11   7  11 11 7
1
772 14
= =
11  11  7 121
1

1-5 5
D . To u s e t h e o rd e r o f Op e ra t i o n s Ag r e e m e n t t o s i m p li fy e x p re s s i o n s
Th e Or der of Oper a t ion s Agr eem en t is u sed for fr a ct ion s a s well a s wh ole n u m ber s.
St ep1: Do a ll oper a t ion s in side pa r en t h eses .
St ep2: Sim plify a n y n u m ber expr ess ion s con t a in in g expon en t s .
St ep3: Do m u lt iplica t ion s a n d division s a s t h ey occu r fr om left t o r igh t .
St ep4: Do a ddit ion s a n d su bt r a ct ion s a s t h ey occu r fr om left t o r igh t .
2
3 3 1 
E x a m p le 1: Sim plify:      
4  8 12 
Th e LCM of 8 a n d 12 =24
3 1  9 2
S o lu t i o n :    = 
 8 12  24 24
2 2
3 3 1  3  7  7
     =   ÷  =
4
   8 12  4  24  24
9 7
= 
16 24
9 24
= 
16 7
27 13
= =1
14 14

1-6 6
Ex a m ple 2:
2
14  1   2 4 
Sim plify:     
15  2   3 5 
S o lu tio n :
2 2
14  1   2 4  14 1 22
    = –   × Th e LCM of 3 a n d 5 =15
15  2   3 5  15 2 15
2 4 10 12 22
   =  =
3 5 15 15 15
14 1 22
= – ×
15 4 15
14 11
= –
15 30
7
=
30

1-7 7
Exercises:
2 2
1 1 1 5 3 5
1)   .    3)   
 13   4 6  13  4  12
1 1 2 1
2)   x
2 3 3 8

1-8 8
DECIMALS
Decimals are used when a whole is divided into 10
equivalent parts, or into 100 or 1000 or 10,000
equivalent parts.
The dot in 0.1 is called the decimal point.

0.1
decimal point

1-9 9
Example 1
Using the Decimal Forms of Fractions
Fraction Decimal Read As

a. 6 0.6 six tenths
10
b. 11 0.11 eleven hundredths

100
64
c. 0.64 sixty-four hundredths
100
352
d. three hundred fifty-two
1000 0.352
thousandths

1-10 10
1-11 11
Example 2
Identify the Place Value of a Digit
Identify the place value of each digit.
a. 234.89
4: ones
3: tens
2: hundreds
8: tenths
9: hundredths

1-12 12
Example 2
a. 234.89
4: ones
3: tens
2: hundreds
8: tenths
9: hundredths

1-13 13
Example 2
b. 0.12547
1: tenths
2: hundredths
5: thousandths
4: ten-thousandths
7: hundred-thousandths

1-14 14
Example 3
Reading Decimal Numbers
Tell how to read each decimal in words.
a. 0.4 four tenths
b. 0.52 fifty-two hundredths
c. 0.03 three hundredths
d. 0.826 eight hundred twenty-six thousandths

1-15 15
1-16 16
Example 4
Reading Decimals
Read each decimal.
7 is in the tenths place.

a. 12.7
12.7
twelve and seven tenths
12.7 is read “twelve and seven tenths.”

1-17 17
Example 4
Reading Decimals
Read each decimal.
1 is in the hundredth place.

b. 352.71
352.71
three hundred fifty-two and seven-one hundredths
352.71 is read “three hundred fifty-two and

seventy-one hundredths.”

1-18 18
Example 4
Reading Decimals
Read each decimal.
c. 0.025 “twenty-five thousandths”
d. 12.2059
“twelve and two thousand fifty-nine ten-
thousandths”

1-19 19
1-20 20
Example 5
Writing Decimals as Fractions or
Mixed Numbers
Write each decimal as a fraction or mixed number.
a. 0.21 The digits to the right of the decimal point, 21, are the
numerator of the fraction. The denominator is 100 for
hundredths because the rightmost digit is in the
hundredths place.
21
0.21 
100 100 for hundredths
Hundredths place

1-21 21
Example 5
continued
Mixed Numbers
Write each decimal as a fraction or mixed number.
b.0.743
c. 5.0087
743
0.743 
1000 1000 for thousandths
Thousandths place
The whole number part stays the same.
87
5.0087  5
10,000 10,000 for ten-thousandths
Ten-thousandths place

1-22 22
Example 6
Mixed Numbers in Lowest Terms
Write each decimal as a fraction or mixed number
in lowest terms.
4
4 Write in lowest terms.
a. 0.4 
10 for tenths
10
10
4 42 2
 
10 10  2 5
45 45  5 9
b. 0.45   
100 100  5 20

1-23 23
Example 6
continued
Mixed Numbers in Lowest Terms
Write each decimal as a fraction or mixed number
in lowest terms. The whole number part stays the same.
210 210  10 21
c. 22.210  22  22  22
1000 1000  10 100
7075 7075  25 283

d. 54.7075  54 10,000  54 10,000  25  54 400

1-24 24
E x a m p le 1 : Con ver t 0.82 a n d 4.75 t o fr a ct ion s.
S olu t ion :
82 41
0.82 = 
100 50
75 3
4.75 = 4 4
100 4
2
E x a m p le 2 : Con ver t 0.15 t o a fr a ct ion .
3
S olu t ion :
2
15
2 3 = 15 2 ÷ 100
0.15 =
3 100 3
47 1
= 
3 100
47
=
300
E x a m p le 3 : Con ver t 0.47 a n d 7.45 t o fr a ct ion s.
S olu t ion :
47
0.47 =
100
45 9
7.45 = 7 7
100 20

1-25 25
1-26 26
Example 1
Rounding a Decimal Number
Round 16.98467 to the nearest thousandth.
Step 1 Draw a “cut off “ line after the

Look only
thousandths place. at the 6.
Ignore the
7.
16. 984 67
Thousandths
Step 2 Look only at the first digit you are cutting off.
Ignore the other digits you are cutting off.

1-27 27
Example 1
continued Rounding a Decimal Number
Round 16.98467 to the nearest thousandth.
Step 3 If the first digit you are cutting off is 5

or more, round up the part of the
number you are keeping.
First digit cut is more
than 5, so round up by
16. 984 67 adding 1 thousandth
to the part you are
+ 0. 0 0 1 keeping.
16.985
So, 16.98467 rounded to the nearest thousandth is
16.985. We can write 16.98467 ≈ 16.985
1-28 28
Example 2
Rounding Decimals to Different Places
Round 0.8912 to the nearest hundredth.

Step 1 You are cutting off the 1 and 2.
they will be dropped.
0.89 12
Hundredths
Look only at the 1.
Step 2
0.89 12
Step 3 The first digit is 4 or less, so the part

you are keeping stays the same.
0.8912 rounded to the nearest hundredth is 0.89. We

can write 0.8912 ≈ 0.89
1-29 29
In many everyday situations, such as shopping in
a store, money amounts are rounded to the
nearest cent. There are 100 cents in a dollar.
1
Each cent is of a dollar.
100
1
Another way of writing 100 is 0.01. So rounding
to the nearest cent is the same as rounding to
the nearest hundredth of a dollar.

1-30 30
Example 3
Rounding to the Nearest Cent
How much money will you pay in each
shopping situation? Round each money amount
to the nearest cent.
a. $7.6241 (Is it closer to $7.62 or to $7.63?)
First digit cut is 4 or
less, so the part you
$7.62 41 are keeping stays the
same.
You pay $7.62.
b. $3.649 (Is it closer to $3.64 or to $3.65?)
$3.64 9 $3.64
more, so you round up.
+ $0.01
$3.65 You pay.

1-31 31
Example 4
Rounding to the Nearest Dollar
Round to the nearest dollar.
a. $84.59 (Is it closer to $84 or to $85?)
$84
$84. 59 + 1
So $84.59 rounded to the nearest dollar $85
is $85.
b. $599.79 (Is it closer to $599 or $600?)

$599 So $599.79
$599. 79
+ 1 rounded to the
First digit cut is 5 or $600 nearest dollar is
$600.
1-32 32
Exercises:
A. Write each decimal in words.
1) 0.92 2) 3.067 3) 0.00035 4) 52.00095 5) 276.3297
B. Write each decimal in standard form.
1) Seven hundred sixty-two thousandths

2) Sixty-two millionths
3) Eight hundred ninety-six and four hundred seven thousandths
4) Seven hundred eighty-four and eighty-four thousandths
5) Three thousand forty-eight and two thousand two ten-thousandths
Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1- 33
Slide
1-33 33
C. Round each decimal to the given place value.
1)7.359 Tenths
2)22.68259 Hundredths
3) 1946.3745 Thousandths
4) 0.012346 Ten-thousandths
5)2.079239 Hundred-thousandths
6)0.1009754 Millionth

1-34 34
A. To c o n v e rt fra c t i o n s t o d e c i m a l s
E ve r y fr a ct ion ca n be wr it t e n a s a d ecim a l. To w r it e a fr a ct ion a s a d ecim a l, d ivid e t h e
n u m er a t or of t h e fr a ct ion by t h e d e n om in a t or . Th e q u ot ie n t ca n be r ou n d e d t o t h e d e s ir ed
p la ce va lu e .
3
E x a m p l e 1 : Con ve r t t o a d ecim a l.
7
S olu t ion :
0.42857
7 3.00000
3
r ou n d ed t o t h e n e a r es t h u n d r e d t h is 0 .4 3.
7
3
r ou n d e d t o t h e n ea r e s t t h ou sa n d t h is 0.429 .
7
3
r ou n d ed t o t h e n e a r es t t e n -t h ou s a n d t h is 0.42 8 6 .
7
2
E x a m p l e 2 : Con ve r t 3 t o a d ecim a l. R ou n d t o t h e n ea r es t t h ou s a n d t h .
9
S olu t ion :
2 29
3=
9 9
3.2222
9 29.0000
2
3 r ou n d ed t o t h e n ea r es t t h ou s a n d t h is 3 . 22 2.
9
3
E x a m p l e 3 : Con ve r t t o a d e cim a l. R ou n d t o t h e n e a r e s t h u n d r e d t h .
8
S olu t ion :
0.375
8 3.000
3
= 0.37 5  0.38
8

1-35 35
You can use a number line to compare fractions and
decimals. The number line below shows the space
between 0 and 1. The locations of commonly used
fractions are marked, along with their decimal
equivalents.

1-36 36
This number line shows the locations of some
commonly used fractions between 0 and 1 that are
equivalent to repeating decimals. The decimal
equivalents use a bar above repeating digits.

1-37 37
Example 3
Using a Number Line to Compare
Numbers
Use the number lines to decide whether to write >,
< or = in the blank between each pair of numbers.
a. 0.375 ____ 0.3125

0.375 is to the right of 0.3125, use the > symbol.
0.375 is greater than 0.3125

> 0.3125
0.375 ____

1-38 38
Example 3
Using a Number Line to Compare
Numbers
Use the number lines to decide whether to write >,
< or = in the blank between each pair of numbers.
7
____ 0.875
b. 8
They are the same point on the number line.
They are equivalent. 7
= 0.875
____
8

1-39 39
C. T o i d e n t i fy t h e o r d e r r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n t w o d e c i m a l s o r b e t w e e n a d e c i m a l a n d
a fr a c t i o n
D e cim a ls , lik e w h ole n u m be r s a n d fr a ct ion s , ca n b e gr a p h e d a s p oin t s on t h e n u m be r

lin e . Th e n u m be r lin e ca n be u s e d t o s h ow t h e or d e r of d e cim a ls . A d e cim a l t h a t a p p e a r s
t o t h e r igh t of a give n n u m be r is gr e a t e r t h a n t h e give n n u m be r . A d e cim a l t h a t a p p e a r s
t o t h e left of a give n n u m b e r is le s s t h a n t h e give n n u m be r .
3 .0 0 3 .0 5 3 .1 0 3 .1 5 3 .2 0 3 .2 5
3
E x a m p le 1 : F in d t h e or d e r r ela t ion be t w e e n a n d 0.38.
8
S o lu ti o n :
3
=0.375 0.38 = 0.38 0
8
0.375 < 0.3 80
3
< 0.380
8
E x a m p le 2 : P la ce t h e cor r e ct s ym bol, < or >, be t we e n t h e n u m be r s .

5
0.32
16
S o lu ti o n :
5
 0.3 13
16
0.313 < 0.3 2
5
< 0.32
16

1-40 40
You can use a number line to compare fractions and
decimals. The number line below shows the space
between 0 and 1. The locations of commonly used
fractions are marked, along with their decimal
equivalents.

1-41 41
Example 4
Arranging Numbers in Order
0.52 0.513 0.5204

0.52 = 0.5200 = 5200 ten-thousandths
0.513 = 0.5130 = 5130 ten-thousandths
0.5204 = 0.5204 = 5204 ten-thousandths
From least to greatest, the correct order is shown.

0.513 0.52 0.5204

1-42 42
Exe rcise s :
A. Con ve rt th e fraction to a de cim a l. Rou n d to th e n e a re s t th ou san d th s .
5 11 5 1 2
1) 2) 3) 4) 3 5) 8
8 16 24 12 5
B. Co n v e rt th e de cim a l to a frac tion

5
1) 0.8 2) 1.25 3) 9.279 4) 17.5 5)0.12
9

1-43 43
C. Place the correct symbol, < or>, betw een the numbers.
1)0.15 0.5
2) 0.6 0.45
3) 2.504 2.054
2
4) 0.65
3
5) 0.033 0.30

1-44 44
Thank you

1-45 45

Chapter3 ComplexFractionsDecimals Etc

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter3 ComplexFractionsDecimals Etc

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 3

Complex Fractions, Decimals, Order

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

E x a m p le 1 : P la ce t h e cor r ect sym bol, < or >, bet ween t h e t wo n u m ber s .

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Re p ea t ed m u lt ip lica t ion of t h e s a m e fr a ct ion ca n be wr it t en in t wo wa ys :

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

The dot in 0.1 is called the decimal point.

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Fraction Decimal Read As

b. 11 0.11 eleven hundredths

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Identify the place value of each digit.

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Identify the place value of each digit.

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Identify the place value of each digit.

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Tell how to read each decimal in words.

a. 0.4 four tenths

b. 0.52 fifty-two hundredths

c. 0.03 three hundredths

d. 0.826 eight hundred twenty-six thousandths

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Read each decimal.

7 is in the tenths place.

twelve and seven tenths

12.7 is read “twelve and seven tenths.”

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Read each decimal.

1 is in the hundredth place.

three hundred fifty-two and seven-one hundredths

352.71 is read “three hundred fifty-two and

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Read each decimal.

c. 0.025 “twenty-five thousandths”

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

7075 7075  25 283

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Round 16.98467 to the nearest thousandth.

Step 1 Draw a “cut off “ line after the

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Round 16.98467 to the nearest thousandth.

Step 3 If the first digit you are cutting off is 5

Round 0.8912 to the nearest hundredth.

Step 3 The first digit is 4 or less, so the part

0.8912 rounded to the nearest hundredth is 0.89. We

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide

b. $599.79 (Is it closer to $599 or $600?)

A. Write each decimal in words.

1) 0.92 2) 3.067 3) 0.00035 4) 52.00095 5) 276.3297

B. Write each decimal in standard form.

1) Seven hundred sixty-two thousandths

Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide