TURUNAN

Definisi turunan
Turunan dari fungsi f adalah f ' disuatu titik c
f (c  h )  f (c )
adalah f ' (c)  lim it
h 0 h
terbukti jika lim it ada
Example1: let f ( x)  2 x  2
find f ' (4), f ' ( x0 )
Solution ;
f ( x  h)  f ( x )
a.F ' (4)  lim it
h 0 h
f (4  h)  f (4) 2(4  h)  2  10
 lim it  lim it
h 0 h h 0 h
2h
 lim it  2 secara teori diatas
h 0 h
Example1: let f( x)  2x  2
atau secara rumus umum f' (x)  2
 f ( x 0  h)  f ( x 0 )
. F ' ( x0 )  lim it
h 0 h
2( x0  h)  2  2 x0  2
 lim it
h 0 h
2h
 lim it 2
h 0 h
Example 2
let f ( x)  x 2 , find f ' ( x)
f ( x  h)  f ( x )
Solution: F ' ( x)  lim it
h 0 h
2 2 2 2 2
( x  h)  x x  2 xh  h  x
 lim it  lim it
h 0 h h 0 h
h( 2 x  h)
 lim it  lim it 2 x  h  2 x
h 0 h h 0
Example 3
let f ( x)  sin x , find f ' ( x)
f ( x  h)  f ( x ) sin( x  h)  sin x
F ' ( x)  lim it  lim it
h 0 h h 0 h
sin x cos h  cos x sin h  sin x
 lim it
h 0 h
sin x(cosh  1)  cos x sinh
 lim it
h 0 h
 sin x(0)  cos x  cos x
sin x 1  cos x
(notes : x lim it 1 lim it  0)
x 0 x x 0 x
BASE FORMULA DERIVATIVE
n n 1
1. y  x dy / dx  n x
2. y  e x dy / dx  e x
3. y  sin x dy / dx  cos x
4 y  cos x dy / dx   sin x
5. y  tg x dy / dx  sec 2 x
2
6. y  ctg x dy / dx   cos ec x
7. y  sec x dy / dx  sec x tg x
7.. y  cos ec x dy / dx   cos ec x cot g x
8. y  ln x dy / dx  1 / x
9. y  arc tg x dy / dx 1 /(1  x 2 )
10. y  arc ctg x dy / dx   1 /(1  x 2 )
11 . y  arc sin x dy / dx 1 / (1  x 2 )
12. y  arc cos x dy / dx   1 / (1  x 2 )
1
13. y  arc sec x dy / dx 
x ( x 2  1)
Jika u  f ( x)
1. y  U n dy / dx  n U n 1 .U '
2. y  eU dy / dx  eU .U '
3. y  sin U dy / dx  cosU .U '
2
4. y  tg U dy / dx  sec U .U '
2
5. y  ctg U dy / dx   cos ec U U '
6. y  secU dy / dx  secU tg U U '
7. y  cos ec U dy / dx   cos ec U cot g U U '
8. y  ln U dy / dx  1 / U U '
9. y  arc tg U dy / dx 1 /(1  U 2 ) U '
10. y  arc ctg U dy / dx   1 /(1  U 2 ) U '
11 . y  arc sin U dy / dx  1 / (1  U 2 ) U '
12. y  arc cos U dy / dx   1 / (1  U 2 ) U '
1
13. y  arc sec U dy / dx  U'
U (U 2  1)
1
14. y  arc cos ec U dy / dx  U'
U (U 2  1)
Theorema :
1.Jika f dan g suatu fs yang dapat didefferensialkan g ( x)  0 
'
f  g ( x) f ' ( x)  g ' ( x) f ( x)
  ( x)  2
g
  g ( x )
'
 U  VU 'UV '
or    2
V
  V
2. Jika f dan g suatu fs yang dapat didefferensialkan
( f .g ) x  g ( x ) f ' ( x )  g ' ( x ) f ( x )
(UV )'  U 'V  UV '
1 Derivative dengan pangkat fungsi
x
Soal : y  5 ,
x
Jawab : y  5 :
x
a. ln y  ln 5  ln y  x ln 5
1
diturunkan  y '  1. ln 5  y '  y. ln 5
y
x
 y '  5 ln 5
Exercise find y '!!!!
x
1.. y  x
cos x
2. y  ( sin x)
x x
3. y  x
2
4. y  ( x  5 x  7 ) 3 x  4
Exercise find y '!!!!
x
1.. y  x
ln y  x ln x  U .V
1 1
y '  1ln x  x
y x
y '  y 1ln x  1
Exercise find y '!!!!
cos x
2. y  ( sin x)
cos x
ln y  ln( sin x)
ln y  cos x ln( sin x)
U V
1 cos x
y '   sin x ln( sin x)  cos x
y sin x
2
cos x cos x
y '  ( sin x) ( sin x ln( sin x)  )
sin x
Exercise find y '!!!!
x x
3. y  x
ln y  ln x  ln y  x ln xx

1 x 1

y
  x
y '  x 'ln x  x
x
1 x x 1
y '  x (1  ln x) ln x  x
y x
x x x x 1
y' x x (1  ln x) ln x  x
 
 x
Exercise find y '!!!!
4.ln y  (3 x  4) ln( x 2  5 x  7 )
1 2x  5
y '  (3) ln( x 2  5 x  7 )  (3 x  4)
y x2  5x  7
 2x  5 
2
y '  ( x  5x  7 ) 3 x4 2
 (3) ln( x  5 x  7 )  (3 x  4) 

 x 2  5 x  7 
• 4. Tentukan : dy/dx jika diketahui
• y = ( 2x-1 )sin 2x + en (3x2 + 2x + 5)
2.TURUNAN DARI FUNGSI INVERS
y  arc tg x y'  ....?
y  arc tg x  x  tg y

2 1
 1  sec y . y'  y' 
2
sec y
1
 Y' 
1  x2
 1 1
y'  Y' 
2 1  x2
sec y

sketch tg y = x
x
√1+x² →sec y = 1+x²

1
CONTOH 1.
2
y  arc tg( x  1 ) y'  ....?
2
subtitutio n U  ( x  1 )
1
y  arc tg U  Y'  U'
1 U 2
2 1
 y  arc tg( x  1 )  ( 2x )
1  ( x 2  1 )2
SOAL 2
CARI Y '
1. y  arc sin x  1b. y  arc sin x
3/ 2
2. y  arc sec x  2b y  arc sec ( x  x  1)
• catatan:

Sin A=b/a
CosA= c/a
SecA =1/cosA=a/c
a Cosec A= 1/sinA= a/b
b TgA =b/c
CgA =c/b
A
c
solution1 gambar

y  arc sin x  x  sin y

diturunkan  1  cos y y '
1 1
 y'  
cos y 1 x 2
• Sketch x = sin y

1
1=cosy y’
x
y’ = 1/cosy
y
Y’ = 1/(√1-x² )
√1-x²
solution1
y  arc cos x  x  cos y
 1   sin y y '
1 1
 y'   
sin y 1 x 2
solution 1b
y  arc sin U 
1
 y'  U'
2
1U
1 1 / 2
 Y' 1/ 2 X
2
1 x
1 1 / 2
 Y' 1/ 2 X
1 X
 Solution1b

another solution 1b
y  arc sin x  x  sin y
1 1 / 2 1 1 / 2 1
 x  cos y. y '  y '  x ( )
2 2 cos y
1 1 / 2 1
 x ( )
2 2 2
1 x x
1 x

1 y
Solution 2
y  arc sec x  x  sec y
 1  sec y tgy y '
1 1
 y'  
sec y tgy x x 2  1
2b y  arc sec ( x 3 / 2  x  1)  y  arc secU
1
Y '  U'
U U 2 1
1
2
1(3 / 2 x  1)
 y' 
3/ 2 3/ 2 2
(x  x  1) ( x  x  1)  1
 2
2b y  arc sec ( x )
1
Y '  U'
2
U U 1
2x
 y' 
2 2 2
( x ) ( ( x ))  1
 3/ 2
2b y  arc sec ( x  x  1)
1
Y ' U'
2
U U 1
1
2
1(3 / 2 x  1)
 y' 
3/ 2 3/ 2 2
x  x  1 (x  x  1)  1
• Sketch x=secy

X=secy
1=sec y.tgy y’
x
√x²-1

Y’= 1/(secy.tgy)
y Y’ = 1/(x(√x²-1))

Notes:
Sec y=1/cosy
exercise : find y '
2
sin x  x
1. y 
2x 1
sin x 3
2. y  e .( x )
3. y  2 x. ln x. sec x
3
4. y  ln (3 x  5 x  2)
2 x 3
5. y  e
 2 x 3 u
5. y  e  ye
u
y'  e U '
2 x 3
y'  e ( 2)
exercise : find y '
2
1. y  x cos x
3 x 2  4 x 5
2. y  e .  ln 4 x
2
3. y  . sec 3 x  4tg (7 x  5)
x3
4. y 
cos x
Implisit differentiation
FUNGSI EKSPLISIT :
y  f ( x)
Contoh :
2
1. y  sin x  x  7 x
3 2
2. y  x  4 x  7 x  7
x
3. y  e  ln x  5
1,2,3 adalah fungsi eksplisit
Fungsi implisit adala fungsi f ( x, y )  0, dim ana y  f ( x)
Contoh :
1.xy 2  5 x  2  0
2. sin xy  y 3  4 xy  5 x  0
3.e xy  4 xy  0
Derivative dari fungsi implicit
2
1. x y  5x  2  0
U V

 (u ' v  uv' )  5  0  0
2
1 y  x.2 yy '  5  0
2
 2 xy. y '  1 y  5
2
 1y  5
 y' 
2 xy
2. sin xy  y 3  4 xy  5 x  0
. sin xy  y 3  4 x y  5 x  0
U V
U

diff
 cos U . U
 '  nU n 1
U ' 4 (u ' v  uv' )  (5 x)'  0
u 'v  uv '
 2 2 2
2.cos x y  x  7 y  0
.
2.cos x 2 y  x 2  7 y 2  0
  sin UU ' 2 x  14 yy '  0
  sin x 2 y (2 xy  x 2 y ')  2 x  14 yy '  0
  sin x 2 yx 2 y ' 14 yy '  sin x 2 y (2 xy )  2 x
 
 y '  sin x 2 yx 2  14 y  sin x 2 y (2 xy )  2 x
sin x 2 y (2 xy )  2 x
 y'

 sin x 2 yx 2  14 y 
.
 3
2. sin xy  y  4 xy  5 x  0
3
. sin xy  y  4 x y  5 x  0
U V
U
diff n 1
 cosU .U '  nU U ' 4 (u ' v  uv' )  (5 x)'  0
2
 cos( xy)(1 y  xy' )  3 y y '4(1 y  xy' )  5  0
2
 y ' (cos( xy) x  4 x  3 y )  5  4 y  y cos( xy)
 5  4 y  y cos( xy)
 y' 
(cos( xy) x  4 x  3 y 2 )
 xy
3.e  4 xy  0, y '  ..?
xy
 e (1 y  xy ')  4(1 y  xy ')  0
xy xy
 e y  xy ' e  4 y  4 xy '  0
xy xy
 xy ' e  4 xy '  e y  4 y
xy xy
 y '( xe  4 x)  e y  4 y
xy
e ( y )  4 y
 y '  xy
e x  4x
tgxy 2  x 2 y 2  e x  7 y  0
sec 2 xy 2 (1y 2  x 2 yy ' )  (2 xy 2  x 2 2 yy ' )  e x  7 y '  0
sec 2 xy 2 (1y 2 )  sec 2 xy 2 ( x 2 yy ' )  (2 xy 2  x 2 2 yy ' )  e x  7 y '  0
sec 2 xy 2 ( x 2 yy ' )  x 2 2 yy '7 y '   sec 2 xy 2 (1y 2 )  2 xy 2  e x
y ' (sec2 xy 2 x 2 y   x 2 2 y  7)   sec 2 xy 2 (1y 2 )  2 xy 2  e x
 sec 2 xy 2 (1 y 2 )  2 xy 2  e x
y' 
(sec2 xy 2 x 2 y   x 2 2 y  7)
1. APLIKASI TURUNAN

A.PERSAMAAN GARIS SINGGUNG

B.Limit (th.L’Hospital)
C.maxima minima
GARIS SINGGUNG DAN GARIS NORMAL
DI TITIK P
 PERSAMAAN GARIS SINGGUNG :

y  f ' ( x) x  n or y  mx  n
 m  slope of tg line  y' P
Garis NORMAL
adalah garis yang tegak lurus garis sin ggung

 (m tg ). (m normal )   1
 m normal  1 /( m of tg line)
 The normal line

The tg line

Y=f(x)

m normal . m tg = -1
Example
Cari persamaan garis singgung dari curva :

2 2
1. 2x y  y  5xy  8 at the point P (1,1)

2
2. y  x at the po int P (2,4)
SOAL :
1Cari persamaan garis sin ggung
y  x 2  2 x  2 at the po int P damana
garis sin ggung tersebut  tegak lurus dengan garis
: 2x  6 y  5  0

2.Cari persamaan garis sin ggung dan garis normal

to the curva y  x 3 at a po int P (1,1)
SOAL :
2 2
1. ln ( x  y )  xy  3  0 y '  .....
2.x cos xy  y sin x  4 x  7  0...... y ' 
3.Tentukan persamaan garis sin ggung dari
3
y  x  x  1 dititik P (0,1)
x
4.Diketahui y  (tgx  x) cari y '  ....
2
5. y  cos x  x dititik P (0,1)
cari persamaan grs sin ggung
3.Diketahui parabola y  ax 2  bx  c
mempunyai persamaan garis singgung
y  4x  1 dititik (-1,-3)
dan mempunyai titik kritis di x  -2
(titik kritis y'  0)
Tentukan nilai a, b, c
jwb : m  y'  2ax  b  4 ( 1, 3)
 2a  b  4
 b  4  2a.....1
titik kritis di x  -2
 y'  0
 2ax  b  0
 x  -b/2a  -2  b  4a.............2 
 4  2a  4a  a  2 dan b  8
y  ax 2  bx  c
( 1, 3)

 3  2  8  c  c  3
4.Diketahui y  (tgx  x) x cari y '  ....
 ln y  x ln(tgx  x)
1 1
 y '  1 ln(tgx  x)  x (sec 2 x  1)
y (tgx  x)

x 1 2 
 y '  tgx  x) 1 ln(tgx  x)  x (sec x  1)
 (tgx  x) 
Theorema L’hospital
Yheorema L' Hospital :
f ( x) 0 
if  or , maka pembilang dan penyebut
g ( x) 0 
diturunkan sec ara terpisah
f ( x) f ' ( x)
maka lim  lim
g ( x) g ' ( x)

Notes:f’x/g’x not U/V

Example1 :
2
2x  4x
evaluate lim it
x 2 x2
2 0
2x  4x 0
solution : lim it 
x 2 x2
f 'x
g 'x 4x  4

 lim it 4
x 2 1
Example2
x 1
lim it
x1 x2  3  2
solution :
x 1 0/0
lim it  
x1 x2  3  2
f '( x) 1
lim it  lim it
x1 g '( x ) x1 x
x2  3
x2  3
 lim it 2
x1 x
1
2 1  12
y  x  3  2  u  2  y '  u u ' 0
2
2
1
1 2 x
 

y '  x  3 2 2x 
2 x2  3
Example 3
sin x
lim it 
x0 x
solution :
sin x 0
lim it  
x0 x 0
f 'x cos x
lim it  lim it
x0 g ' x x0 1
(2 x )
lim it 2 x . cos x  0.1  0
x0
sin x
 lim it 0
x0 x
Example4
sin 2 x  tan x 0
lim it 
x 0 3x 0
f 'x
lim it 
x 0 g' x
2
2 cos 2 x  sec x
lim it 1
x 0 3
Cos 0=1
Sin 0 =0
Secx=1/cosx
example5
x ln x 
Find lim it 
x  x  ln x 
f 'x 1. ln x  x.1 / x
lim it  lim it 
x  g ' x x  1  1/ x
1. ln x  1
lim it 
x  1  1 / x
 1 1
Example 6 lim it   
x 1 ln x x 1
Pr oceed to rewrite the function as a fraction
to wich L' Hospitalrule aplicable.
x  1  ln x 0
lim it 
x 1 ln x( x  1) 0
f 'x 1  1/ x 0
lim it  lim it 
x 1 g ' x x 1 ( x  1) / x  ln x 0
f 'x 1/ x 2
lim it  lim it
x 1 g ' x x 1 1 / x 2  1 / x

1
  1/ 2
11
Example7 : lim it (1  x)1/ x
x
let y  (1  x)1/ x  ln y  ln(1  x)1/ x
ln y  1 / x ln(1  x)
ln(1  x) 
ln y  lim it 
x x  Notes

1 X = ln e×

f 'x 1  x 1
lim it  lim it  lim it 0
x g ' x x 1 x 1  x
ln y  0  ln y  ln 1
 y 1
Exercise :
x 2  10
1. lim it
x 6 x 2  2

2 lim it (tan x)cos x

x / 2
x
x a a
3. lim it
x a a x  x a
1/ x
 ax  bx 
4. lim it  
x0  2 
 
 2
x  5x  6
lim it
x 3 x3
 2
lim it 2 x  3 x  2 x
x 
 1

lim it x 1 x
x 1
 Diketahui : y = x3 – 3x 2 + 6
Tentukan a.dimana fs naik /turun
b.dimana
maksimum/minimum
c.gambar grafik
solution 2
lim it ln y  lim it cos x ln tgx
x / 2 x / 2
Pr oceed to rewrite the function as a fraction
to wich L' Hospitalrule aplicable
sec 2 x
ln tgx  tgx sec x
 lim it   lim it  lim it
x / 2 sec x  x / 2 sec xtgx x / 2 tg 2 x

1 cos 2 x cos x 0
 lim it  lim it  0
x / 2 cos x sin 2 x x / 2 sin 2 x 1

 ln y  0  ln 1  y  1
MAXIMA AND MINIMA
Definition
S adl Domain of f yg memuat titik c.
.dikatakan bahwa :

i. f (c) adl nilai max f on S jika f (c)  f ( x) untuk setiap x dalam S

ii. f (c) adl nilai min imum f on S jika if f (c)  f ( x) for all x in S
iiif (c) is extrem value of f on S if it is
either the max imum value or the min imum value
if f is continous on a closed int erval[a.b]
then f afttain s both a max value and a min imum value

if f is continous on an open int erval (a.b)

then f may have a max value or a min imum value
or no have both of them
• Example 1: f(x) = x²,-1≤x ≤2 (closed interval)
• S ε [-1,2]→f(2) is max value and
• f(0)is min value

-1 1 2
• F(x)=x², xε(-1,2) (open interval)→
• f min=0,
• f has no max

0,0
• Example2:f(x) = 1/x ,xε (0,1)→(Open
interval)
Have no Max value and min value

1.1
Critical point theorema
Let fbe defined on in int erval I containing the po int C
if f ( c) is an extrem value.the c must be a critical po int
that is either c is :
i.an end po int of I
ii .a stationary po int of f ( f ' (c)  0)
iiia sin gular po int ( f ' (c) no exist )
Example1 :
Find the max value and the min value of
2
f ( x)  2 x  3x
Solution :
1. find f ' ( x)
2.Set f ' ( x)  0, obtaining critical po int s
3 Used the first derivaitve to det r min e whether
f ( x)increa sin g ( f ' ( x)  0)
or f ( x) decrea sin g ( f ' ( x)  0
4.Used the sec ond derivaitve test to det r min e
whether the critical po int s max ( f ' '  0)
or the critical po int s min( f ' '  0)
step :
1. f ' ( x )  4 x  3
2. f ' ( x )  0  4 x  3  0  x  3 / 4
3 .     3 / 4       
4. f decrea sin g x  3 / 4
f increa sin g x  3 / 4
5.x  3 / 4 subtitute to original equation
2 3 2 3 9
f ( x)  y  2 x  3x  y  2( )  3( )  
4 4 8
Therefore , the minimum at x  3 / 4 , y  9 / 8
• The graph y=2x²-3x is

3/4
Fd

4
/
ec

x>3
re
as

ng
ing

asi
cre
x<
3/4

F in

-9/8
example 2
Where are max ima / min ima ?
y  x 3 (  x  )
solution , dy / dx  3 x 2  0  x12  0(critical po int)
y '  0  f ( x) Increa sin g
y '  0  decrea sin g
have no max and min ima

+++++++ +++++++ Y’
0
Fs.increasing Fs increasing
example3
Where are the max ima or min ima of
y  3x 3  4 x  7
2 2
Solution : y '  dy / dx  9 x  4  0  x  4 / 9
2i
 x    4 / 9   (not real roots )
3
y has neither a max nor a min
exercise :
Find themax ima and min ima of :
3 2
1. f ( x)  2 x  3 x  12 x  13
4
2. y  2 , and trace the curva
x 4
3
3. y  x  x in the int erval from x  1to x  2
solution 2
( x 2  4)0  4(2 x) 8x
y'  2 2
 2 2
0
( x  4) ( x  4)
 x  0 subt
 tooriginal
y  y  1
( x 2  4) 2 8  8 x.2( x 2  4)2 x
y' '  2 4
( x  4)
for x  0 , used test the sec ond derivative!
((0) 2  4) 2 8  8(0).2(0 2  4)2(0)
y' '  
(12  4) 4
y ' '  neg  y max imum at x  0
 critical po int is (0,1), y max  1
........next
 4
y 2 is undefined for the value of x  2,2
x 4
y   for x  2, x  2

0,-1
 APPLIED PROBLEM
IN MAXIMA AND MINIMA
• Example 1
Find two positif numbers,

the sum of which is 20

And their product is as large as posible

• solution
• If one number is x ,another number is(20-
x)
• Their product is =x(20-x)
• Y= x(20-x) = 20x - x²
• Y’ = 20-2x=0……x=10
• X=10 ,y=20.10-100=100 (max/min)
• Used test second derivative:find y’’
• Y’’=-2 (always negatif)
• Therfore x=10 is maximum
example 2
a piece of wire 20 inches long is cut
and made recangular frame.
What dim ensions should be
chosen so the area of recangle
enclosedis max imal ??
Excercise :
1.In a given semi circle of radius 2,
in which a rec tan gle is to be inscribed ,
what are the dim ensions for max imum area
of rec tan gle
2. A right circularcy linder is to be inscribed
in sphere of radius a.
Find the dim ension for max imum volume

Radius of cylinder????
h =…???

a
h/2
3. A sheet of copper which is 20 inchi.
on side is to be made in to a box of
max imum volume .Calculate the size of the square
which should be cut of the corners

20-2x
x
 soal
PILIH 5 soal saja

( x  1) 3 ( x  4)( x  5)
1.cari HP dr : 0
x2
2.gambar fungsi : y   x 2  2 x  4
x 2  4x  5
3.cari domain y 
x2
4.Cari y ' dari :
a. y  arc tg x  1
b.e 2 xy  sin 2 x  xy 2  0
5.Tentukan persamaan garis sin ggung y  x 3 dititik (1,1)
6.Cari y ' dari :
y  (sin x) 2 x